Electric Circuit Analysis

Basic analysis techniques

Engr.Ahsan Shabir

hsan Khawaja A
hsan_khawaja@coms A ats.edu.pk
L ecturer Room 102
epartment of
D Electrical
Engineering
 Circuit Abstraction
Concept of Abstraction

Question: What is the

current
through the bulb?

Solution:

In order to calculate the current, we can replace the bulb with a resistor.
R is the only subject of interest, which serves as an abstraction of the
bulb.
 Basic Quantities

Voltage (Potential)
Example
a

5V a 、 b, which point’s potential is

V ab
higher ？
b

Va 6 V Vb 4 V Vab = ?

a b
+Q from point b to point a get energy ， Point a
is
Positive? or negative ?
 Basic Quantities

Voltage (Potential)
Example c d

Va 0 I
c´ d´
Vb Vb IR 1 , V b IR
V ab Va
1
Vb E1 IR 1
Vc E1 b a
Ir1 E1 I ( R1 r1 )
Vc Vc
IR 2 E1 I ( R1 r1 R
Vd V
Vd V dc E
2) 2

Va Vd Ir2 Vd E2 Ir2 E1 E2 I R 1 r1 R2 r2 0
E1 E
I
R1 2 r1 R2 r2
 Basic Quantities

Open Circuit R=

R0

I=0, V=E , P=0

E

Short Circuit R=0

E
R0 I V E IR 0 0 PE I 2 R0
R＝ R0
E
0
 Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws

Nodes, Branches, Loops, mesh

• A circuit containing three nodes and five branches.

• Node 1 is redrawn to look like two nodes; it is still one
nodes.
 Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws

KCL
• sum of all currents entering a node is zero
• sum of currents entering node is equal to sum of currents leaving
node

KCL Mathematically i1(t) i5(t)

i2(t)
i4(t)

i3(t)

n n
i j( t ) Ij
j 1 0 j1
0
 Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws

KCL
• sum of all currents entering a node is zero
• sum of currents entering node is equal to sum of currents
leaving node

P1.9

iA

iB

iC

iD

In
 Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws

KCL
KCL-Christmas Lights
Is

+
120V -

50* 1W Bulbs
• Find currents through each light bulb:
IB = 1W/120V = 8.3mA
• Apply KCL to the top node:
IS - 50IB = 0
• Solve for IS: IS = 50 IB = 417mA
 Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws

KCL
1 1 I
In case of parallel :1 1 2
R 1 2 I
, G G G , V=
R
Current dividerR
R G
I
+

I1 I2
N V
G1 G2

V 1 R1 R 2 R1
I1 I R I I2 I
R1 R1 R1 R
1 2
R1 R1 R2