DIFFERENT METHODS

O F S TA RT I N G O F
INDUCTION MOTOR

ANWITA BASAK
ROLL NUMBER: 14201621038
REGISTRATION NO. – 211420101610025
DEPT: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
5TH SEMESTER
CA-1
INDUCTION MOTOR
• An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the
electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by
electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An
induction motor can therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor.
• The types of three phase induction motors include:
1. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
2. Slip Ring Induction Motor
• A 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor is a type of three phase induction motor
which functions based on the principle of electromagnetism. It is called a ‘squirrel
cage’ motor because the rotor inside of it. This rotor is a cylinder of steel
laminations, with highly conductive metal (typically aluminum or copper) embedded
into its surface. When an alternating current is run through the stator windings, a
rotating magnetic field is produced.
• A slip ring induction motor is referred to as an asynchronous motor as the speed
at which it operates is not equal to the synchronous speed of a rotor. The rotor of this
type of motor is wound type. It comprises of a cylindrical laminated steel core and a
semi-closed groove at the outer boundary to accommodate a 3-phase insulated
winding circuit.
SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
• The rotor is a cylinder of steel laminations, with highly conductive metal (typically aluminum or copper)
embedded into its surface. When an alternating current is run through the stator windings, a rotating
magnetic field is produced.
• For squirrel cage induction motors the choice of any particular method of starting depends on

1. Size and design of the motor

2. Capacity of the power line
3. Type of the driven load
• There are primarily two methods of starting squirrel cage induction motors

1. Full voltage starting

2. Reduced voltage starting
M E T H O D S O F S TA RT I N G O F S Q U I R R E L C A G E
INDUCTION MOTOR
• Direct On-Line (D.O.L.) Starting : This method involves the direct
switching of polyphase stator
Onto the supply mains. This motor takes low power factor starting current
of five to seven times its full load current depending upon its size and
design. Such large currents of short duration don't harm the rugged
squirrel cage motor but the high current may cause voltage drop in the
power supply lines feeding the induction motor.

• Stator Resistance Starting : In this method a resistor or a

reactor is inserted in between the
motor terminals and the supply
mains, during starting some voltage drop is noticed across the
starting resistor reactor and therefore only a fraction which is
less than one of the supply voltage appears across the stated
terminals.
Starting torque with reactor starting x2V12
Starting torque with direct switching V1 2 x 2
• Autotransformer starting :
In this method, an
autotransformer is used to reduce
the starting voltage of the
induction motor. The tapings of the autotransformer is so set that when it
is in the circuit, 60 to 80 % of the line voltage is applied to motor during
starting and then connecting it to the full-line voltage as the motor
attains a sufficient speed. When the motor attains about 80% of rated-
speed, the change-over switch is now thrown to ‘Run’. This removes the
autotransformer from the circuit and full line voltage is applied across
the motor terminals.

• Star-Delta Starting : In star-delta starting method of squirrel cage

induction motor, the motor started in star and run
in delta, i.e. the stator winding of the motor is
designed for delta operation and is connected in star during starting. When
the motor attains sufficient speed, the connections are changed to delta, The
six leads of stator winding of the motor are connected to a change-over
switch. At the time of starting, the change-over switch is switched
to ‘Star’ which connects the stator windings in star. Thus, each phase gets
V/√3 volts, where V is the three phase line voltage. This reduces the
starting current. When the motor attains 80% of rated speed, the
changeover switch is switched to ‘Delta’ which connects the stator
windings in delta.
SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
• The methods used for starting squirrel cage induction motors can also be employed for starting slip ring
motors or wound rotor motor.
• But it is not usually done because then the advantages of the slip ring induction motor cannot be
completely utilized.
• The simplest and cheapest method of starting the wound rotor induction motor is by means of added rotor
resistance with full line voltage across the stator terminals.
• The addition of external resistance in the rotor circuit of wound rotor induction motor

1. Decreases its starting current

2. Increases its starting torque
3. Improves its starting power factor
S L I P R I N G I N D U C T I O N M O T O R S TA RT I N G M E T H O D S
• The following four methods are used to start a slip ring induction motor −

1. Direct On-Line (D.O.L.) Starting

2. Stator-Resistance Starting

3. Autotransformer Starting

4. Rotor-Resistance Starting

• The DOL starting, Stator-Resistance starting and Autotransformer starting are same as for the squirrel cage induction motor. In industrial
applications, the slip ring induction motor are mainly started using rotor-resistance method.

• Rotor Resistance Starting: In this method, a star connected variable

resistance is connected in the rotor
circuit through slip-rings.
The full voltage is applied to the stator windings. At the instant of starting, the handle of
variable resistance (rheostat) is set to ‘OFF’ position. This inserts maximum resistance in
series with the each phase of the rotor circuit. This reduces the starting current and at the
same time starting torque is increased due to external rotor resistance.
As the motor accelerates, the external resistance is gradually removed from the rotor circuit.
When the motor attains rated speed, the handle is switched in the ‘ON’ position, this removes
the whole external resistance from the rotor circuit.
THANK YOU