Memory in Digital

Electronics
Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information. It retains digital
data, allowing it to be retrieved and used at a later time. Memory is a
fundamental building block in computer systems and other digital
devices, enabling the storage and manipulation of data and programs.

By Group 3

Atul Tiwari, Atulya Jauhari, Ayush Srivastava,

Balasaheb Sabne, Banani Pal

The memory of computer system is never empty.

It always contains something, whether it be instructions, meaningful data or just the

random garbage that appeared in the memory when the system powered up.

Instructions are read (fetched) from memory, while data is both read from and written to memory.
Working Principle of Memory in Digital
Electronics
Data Storage and Addressing and Data Transfer and
Retrieval Decoding Synchronization
Bits are stored as electrical Memory cells are uniquely Data is transferred between
charges or magnetic fields identified using addresses memory and other
and retrieved as needed. and decoded to access data. components while ensuring
synchronization.
Types of Memory in Digital Electronics
ROM (Read-Only Memory) RAM (Random Access Memory)

Read only memory consist of an array of Random access memory is similar to Read
semiconductor devices that are Only Memory with write option also available
interconnected to store an array of binary hence data can be changed multiple times.
data. Once binary data is stored in ROM it
can be read out whenever desired, but the
data that is stored cannot be changed under
normal operating conditions.
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
A ROM which has n input lines and m output lines contain an
array of 2^n words and each word is M bits long.

The input line serve as an address to select one of 2^n words.

When an input combination is applied to ROM, the pattern of 0’s
and 1’s which is sorted in the corresponding word in the memory
appears at the output lines.
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
ROM (Read-Only Memory)

A ROM basically consist of a decoder and a memory array, when a pattern of n 0’s and 1’s is applied to the
decoder inputs, exactly one of the 2^n decoder output is 1. The decoder output line selects one of the
word in the memory array and the bit pattern stored in this word is transferred to the memory output
lines.
Logic construction of ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory)
A RAM is a read/write memory in which data can be written
into or read from any selected address in any sequence.
When a data unit is written into a given address in the RAM,
the data unit previously stored at the address is replaced by
the new data unit.
When a data unit is read from a given address in RAM, the
data unit to remain stored and is not erased by read
operation.

The non-destructive read operation can be viewed as copying

the content of an address by leaving the contact intact.

Ram is typically used for short-term data storage because it

cannot retain stored data when power is turned off.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Logic construction of a 4×4 RAM
(with decoder and OR gates)
 Classification
RAM
• SRAM
ROM (Static Random Access Memory)

• PROM • DRAM
(Programmable Read-Only Memory)
(Dynamic Random Access Memory)

• EPROM

(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)

• EEPROM

(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)

Types of RAM
SRAM
The word static indicates that the memory retains its
contents as long as power remains applied. However,
data is lost when the power gets down due to
volatile nature. SRAM chips use a matrix of 6-
transistors and no capacitors. Transistors do not
require power to prevent leakage, so SRAM need not
have to be refreshed on a regular basis.
DRAM
DRAM, unlike SRAM, must be continually refreshed
in order for it to maintain the data. This is done by
placing the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites
the data several hundred times per second. DRAM is
used for most system memory because it is cheap
and small. All DRAMs are made up of memory cells.
These cells are composed of one capacitor and one
transistor.
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Advancements in Memory Technology

DDR (Double Data Rate) Memory NAND and NOR Flash Memory

Enables faster data transfer rates and improved Non-volatile memory with high storage density
system performance. for portable devices.
Applications and Uses of Memory in Digital
Electronics
1 Computer Systems and Smartphones 2 Embedded Systems and IoT Devices

Memory plays a vital role in storing

Memory is crucial for storing operating firmware and sensor data for connected
systems, applications, and user data. devices.
Conclusion: Importance of Memory in Digital
Electronics
Memory is the backbone of digital electronics, enabling data storage, retrieval, and efficient processing,
empowering technological advancements and enhancing user experiences.
Conclusion: Importance of Memory in Digital
Electronics
Memory is the backbone of digital electronics, enabling data storage, retrieval, and efficient processing,
empowering technological advancements and enhancing user experiences.
Conclusion: Importance of Memory in Digital
Electronics
Memory is the backbone of digital electronics, enabling data storage, retrieval, and efficient processing,
empowering technological advancements and enhancing user experiences.
THANKYOU