YUVARAJ

YOGESH
VISHVA
VIJAYA
THIRU
VISHWESH
YUVAN
VIKAS
VIJAYAN
YUKTHA
YUVASRI
TAMILSELVI
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VITAMIN A
DEFICIENCY
MANIFESTATIONS
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N I G H T B L I N D N E S S O R N YC TA L O P I A

Vitamin A is required for the vision

in dim light so, deficiency of vitamin
A causes Nightblindness
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XEROPHTHALMIA

• Xerophthalmia (dryness of eyes): Keratinisation

occurs in cornea and conjunctiva of eye causing
dryness of these tissues.

• Dryness of conjunctiva is termed as conjunctival

xerosis, which is the first clinical sign of vitamin A
deficiency.

• In certain areas of conjunctiva, white triangular

patches known as Bitot's spots are seen.
• Dryness of cornea is termed as corneal xerosis.
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KERATOMALACIA

If untreated Xerophthalmia results in corneal

ulceration and degeneration, a condition
called as keratomalacia, leading to total
blindness.
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RENAL FAILURE

Keratinisation occurs in renal

tract causing renal failure.
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R E S P I R ATO RY I N F E C T I O N S

Keratinisation occurs in respiratory

tract. With reduced mucous formation,
there is atrophy of respiratory
epithelium, increasing the
susceptibility to respiratory infections.
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OT H E R M A N I F E S TAT I O N S

• Reproductive failure
• Growth retardation
• Microcytic anemia
 TOXICITY OF
VITAMIN A
HYPERVITAMINOSIS
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HYPERVITAMINOSIS A

Excess consumption of vitamin A leads to the

toxicity condition called vitamin A toxicity or
hypervitaminosis A. However, excess of ẞ-
carotene is not toxic.
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• Teratogenic - birth defectsSkin irritation,

bone pain etc.

• Pseudo tumor cerebri blurred vision,

nausea, vomiting, vertigo, headaches, and
increased pressure in the skull. –

• Liver cirrhosis -ITO cellsBone mineral loss

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• Symptoms:
• Hepatomegaly (Enlargement of liver
• Skeletal deformities
• Anorexia
• Irritability
• DermatitisHead ache
• Drowsiness
• Peeling of skin
THERAPEUTIC
USE OF
VITAMIN A
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When deficiency of vitamin A is

identified, supplementation is given as
capsules or injection. Therapeutic dose
is generally 20-50 times higher than the
RDA. All-trans-retinoic acid is used as
adjuvant in the treatment of
promyelocytic leukemia. It causes
remission due to its effect on
differentiation of cells.