CHAPTER 1

ESSENTIALS OF COMMUNICATION

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OBJECTIVES

a) Identify the Elements in Communication Process

b) Identify Scope of Communication
c) Understand the Communication Models
d) Describe the Principles of Communication
e) Categories of Interpersonal Communication

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COMMUNICATION

- Communication is a process of conveying information between two or more people.

- A communication process is steps we take in order to achieve a successful communication

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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

• Messages
– The tangible forms of coded symbols that are
intended to give a particular meaning to the
information or data.
• Channel
– The carrier of the message or the means by
which the message is sent.

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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

• Receiver
– The receiving person or group must make sense of
the information received.
– Decoding the translation of received messages into
interpreted meanings.
• Feedback
– The process of verifying messages and the
receiver’s attempts to ensure that the message he
or she decoded is what the sender really meant to
convey.
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ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

• Noise
– Any internal or external interference or
distraction with the intended message that can
cause distortion in the sending and receiving of
messages.
• It can occur during any stage of the communication
process.
• It reduces the probability of achieving common
meaning between sender and receiver.

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SCOPE OF COMMUNICATION

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COMMUNICATION MODELS

Linear Model Communication

 Describes communication as a linear, one-way
process in which a sender intentionally transmits a
message to a receiver (Ellis & McClintock, 1990).
 Focuses on the sender and message within a
communication encounter
 Although the receiver is included in the model, this
role is viewed as more of a target or end point
rather than part of an ongoing process.

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COMMUNICATION MODELS

Interactive Model Communication

 describes communication as a process in
which participants alternate positions as
sender and receiver and generate meaning by
sending messages and receiving feedback
within physical and psychological contexts
(Schramm, 1997).
 incorporates feedback, which makes
communication a more interactive, two-way
process.
 Feedback includes messages sent in response
to other messages.

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COMMUNICATION MODELS

Transaction Model Communication

 The transaction model differs from the
transmission and interaction models in
significant ways, including the
conceptualization of communication, the
role of sender and receiver, and the role of
context (Barnlund, 1970).
 communicators generate social realities
within social, relational, and cultural
contexts.
 includes a more complex understanding of
context.

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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CATEGORIES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

•• Verbal
Verbal
–– Oral
OralCommunication
Communication
–– Written
WrittenCommunication
Communication
•• Nonverbal
Nonverbal Communication
Communication
•• Technological
Technological Communication
Communication

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Oral and Written Communication

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 Nonverbal Communication
• Kinesic behavior, or body motion: gestures, facial expressions,
and eye behavior.
• Physical characteristics: body shape, physique, posture,
height, and weight.
• Paralanguage: voice quality, speech rate, pitch, and laughing.

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 Nonverbal Communication
• Proxemics: the way people perceive space, seating
arrangements, and conversational distance.
• Environment: building and room design, furniture,
light, noise, and cleanliness.
• Time: being late or early, keeping others waiting.

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Technological Communication

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