Planning

Roshna Parveen R
Planning
• Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do.
• Definition- “Planning is the process of setting organizational goals and
deciding how best to achieve them.”
Types of plan
• On the basis of time of horizon
1. Single use plan
2. Standing plan
• On the basis of what plan seeks to achieve
1. Objectives
2. Strategy
3. Policy
4. Procedure
5. Method
6. Rule
7. Programme
8. Budget
• Another classification of plans that help managers to achieve their organization's goals are:
1. Strategic Plan
2. Tactical Plan
3. Operational Plan
On the basis of time of horizon
1. Single use plan – A single-use plan is developed for a one-time
event or project. Such a course of action is not likely to be repeated
in future, i.e., they are for non-recurring situations.

2. Standing plan-A standing plan is used for activities that occur

regularly over a period of time. It is designed to ensure that internal
operations of an organisation run smoothly
On the basis of what plan seeks to achieve
1. Objectives -The first step in planning is setting objectives.
Objectives, therefore, can be said to be the desired future position
that the management would like to reach.
2. Strategy-a strategy is a comprehensive plan for accomplishing an
organisation objectives.This comprehensive plan will include three
dimensions, (i) determining long term objectives, (ii) adopting a
particular course of action, and (iii) allocating resources
On the basis of what plan seeks to achieve
3. Policy-Policies are general statements that guide thinking towards a
particular direction.

4.Procedure-Procedures are routine steps on how to carry out

activities. They detail the exact manner in which any work is to be
performed.

5.Method-Methods provide the prescribed ways or manner in which a

task has to be performed considering the objective.
On the basis of what plan seeks to achieve
6. Rule-Rules are specific statements that inform what is to be done.
They do not allow for any flexibility or discretion.

7. Programme-Programmes are detailed statements about a project

which outlines the objectives, policies, procedures, rules, tasks, human
and physical resources required and the budget to implement any
course of action.
On the basis of what plan seeks to achieve
8. Budget-A budget is a statement of expected results expressed in
numerical terms. It is a plan which quantifies future facts and figures.
Plans that help managers to achieve
organizational goals
1. Operational Plan-The specific results expected from departments,
work groups, and individuals are the operational goals.
2. Strategic Plan –A strategic plan is an outline of steps designed with
the goals of the entire organization as a whole in mind, rather than
with the goals of specific divisions or departments.
3. Tactical Plan -A tactical plan is concerned with what the lower level
units within each division must do, how they must do it, and who is
in charge at each level.