SENSORY

NEEDS P r e s e n te d b y
Mr. S h r id h a r m a la g i
MS c ( n ) 1 s t Ye a r
D e p t. o f MH N
K A H E R I N S B e la g a v i
INTRODUCTION
Sensory is a neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding
environment.

Sensory needs are the unique physiological requirements of individuals that

help them process and interpret information from their senses. Understanding
and accommodating these needs is crucial for promoting well-being and
supporting optimal functioning.
WHAT ARE SENSE ORGAN?
The human body has five sense organ.

1) Ear

2) Eyes

3) Nose

4) Tongue

5) Skin
Sensory needs
Sensory needs or issues occurs when we have difficulties for receiving and
responding to information through senses.

Most of the patient develop sensory impairment due to risk of injury.

Components of sensory
experience

1) RECEPTION

2) PERCEPTION

3) REACTION
1) RECEPTION
Reception is the process of receiving internal and external stimuli from nerve ending through
vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

Once receive the stimulus they convert energy from stimulus to electrical signals.

This electrical signals passes from the spinal cord to the brain.
2) PERCEPTION
Is the vital aspect of senses to understand world around people.

Is the ability to receive sensory input, through various physiological processes in the body.

The perception is strongly influence by level of consciousness, past experience, education,

culture, value and other factors
3) REACTION
The human brain is filled with millions of stimuli entering into the nervous system among those
choosing appropriate response to the proper stimuli is called sensory reaction .

It is an uncontrolled emotional or behavioral reaction to overwhelming stress or sensory

overload that can trigger a flight or fight reaction
 AROUSAL MECHANISM
Arousal is the process of conscious a wakefulness of physiological and
psychological sensory perception.

It mainly balance the alertness, consciousness, attention and informing

processing.

Arousal is the most powerful and essential function to the brain.

It involves activation of the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system for the
readiness to respond perceived stimuli.
Cont..
Raised blood pressure, pulse, respiration, emotion, behavior, fight or flight
response and sexual activity.
FACTORS AFFECTING
SENSORY FUNCTION

Developmental
Vision Hearing Pain and touch
consideration

Personality and
Culture Stress and illness Medication
lifestyle
1) DEVELOPMENTAL
CONSIDERATION
•Human nervous system consisting of many neuron, for their growth
required different sensory stimulation will active

• In infant and children sense organs play major role in activating

mind and notify their familiar surrounding at birth many neural
pathway are immature as age increase it will be become mature.
2) VISION
•Newborn cannot visualize 8- 16 inches away from their face, the
mother womb is dark environment and there is poorly developed
vision sense at birth

•However by 2-3 month the child can sense familiar face, objects,
image and contrast colors.
3) HEARING
•The infant's sense of hearing is very strong from 5th month of
prenatal development.

•Hearing ability of the infant become strong when infants heard their
mother's voice during sucking.
4) PAIN AND TOUCH
•The sense of touch is essential for the growth of infant's physical ability
and emotional competency.

•Newborn is sensitive to touch, immediately after birth responding with

crying, increased heart rate and increase blood flow .

•Sensory function become impaired as result of ageing process or

chronic disease.
5) PERSONALITY AND
LIFESTYLE
Personality and life style practices unique to each individual, it
consistently influences the way a person responds to world and how
interacting with others
6) STRESS AND ILLNESS-
•Stress is a normal feeling come from the person's perception on the
challenge or demand, it makes feel frustrated, angry or nervous.

• It cause many type of physical and emotional symptoms, some time

stress can be positive to overcome danger situation.
7) MEDICATION
The human perceive information from the primary sense i.e. Vision,
hearing, and touch many drug alert or depress the sensory
stimulation, it decrease the brain activity.
ASSESSMENT OF SENSORY ALTERATION

•Sensory assessment is scientific evaluation of human sense sight,

smell, taste, touch, and hearing to understand the individual's level of
stimulation who has admitted in the hospital

•Sensory assessment can be performed in formal and informal ways

FORMAL- Assessment done by the specialist eg. ophthalmologist
and audiologist.

INFORMAL- Assessment by observation e.g. patients daily routines

SENSORY ALTERATION [ a small change in
something]
•Careful assessment help the client in reducing sensory alteration and
early identification/ management of disorders

•SENSORY DEFICIT

•SENSORY DEPRIVATION

•SENSORY OVERLOAD
SENSORY DEFICIT
•Sensory deficit is an inappropriate functioning of the sensory system,
result brain receives less input from the sense.

•Sensory deficit is impaired reception, perception or both

•Possible impairment includes visual, hearing sensory deficit mostly

present at the time of birth
 SENSORY DEPRIVATION-
•Sensory deprivation is also known as perceptual isolation, it occurs
when individuals receive sensory stimuli below the normal threshold
from one or more sense

•These alteration may develop due to acute or chronic illness, aging,

trauma environmental cause.
Cont..
•Short term sensory deprivation indicates relaxing, where as long term
deprivation leads to anxiety, hallucination and depression.

• Alteration in perception leads to reduced capacity to learn,

disorientation, decreased colour perception
 SENSORY OVERLOAD
Overstimulation from the environment may result to a condition called
sensory overload

 Sensory overload occurs when the body receives an excessive input

from any sense like sound, bright light ,strong odors, touch.

Overstimulation patient may experience extreme irritability, difficulty

focusing, restlessness and discomfort about the circumstances.
 PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CLIENT
WITH SENSORYALTERATION
Provide quiet environment and avoid unnecessary noise and light

 Suggest dark glasses and earplugs, if necessary

Administer analgesic if patient complain pain Speak slowly, clearly

and do not shout to the patient
PREVENTION OF SENSORY
DEPRIVATION
Educate the client importance of using eyeglasses and hearing aids

Address the client by name

Have a meaningful interaction with the client

Allow client to active participation in recreational activity like

reading, watching TV, play, hand crafts
Cont...
•And also encourage in social interactions

•Encourage the client physical care through back massage, hair care,
foot care to improve tactile stimulation.

•Advice client to use self stimulation skills such as singing and

dancing
COMMUNICATION WITH
APHASIA CLIENT
 Aphasia is loss of the ability to understanding the spoken or written language

Make sure that the client surrounding environment should be quiet and relaxed

Start conversation with general information to specific details

Ask the questions by using simple language and sentence that patient can give
answered in yes or no
Cont..
Repeat the sentence whenever necessary wait for answer without hesitation

Speak slowly do not shout at the client for not understanding

 Recovering of speech after aphasic condition is most difficulty, time taking and
need practice
COMMUNICATION WITH VISUALLY
IMPAIRED CLIENT
Introduce self, name/ position while entering into the client room

Visual impaired patient unable to pick up non- verbal cues, so speak with
normal tone

Give a clear indication to the patient while entering and leaving the room

Should not touch the client without their concern while doing any procedure or
care
CONT..
Make sure that the client surrounding environment should be quiet and relaxed

 Ask the patient to wear their hearing aid and sit closer before beginning of the
communication

 While speaking maintain eye contact, clear and moderate volume

Face the patient and speak his/her best side of hearing

CONT..
Use short sentence for better understanding

Ensure that hearing aids are on with working

Encourage non- verbal communication such as touch head nods, writing and use
communication boards
Assignment
Write an assignment on sensory organs management and prevention.