- DR.

FANYA GOMEZ
HOUSE SURGEON
2016 BATCH
•What Is An Adverse Event Following
Immunization (AEFI) ?

•TYPES OF AEFIs

•Minimizing AEFIs In Your Area

•Monitoring – What To Report & What Not

To Report
TYPES OF AEFIs
1. Immunization error - related reaction

2. Vaccine reaction

3. Coincidence

4. Immunization anxiety - related reaction

IMMUNIZATION ERROR
TYPES OF IMMUNIZATION ERROR :-
IMMUNIZATION ERROR
 TYPES :
1. VACCNE PRODUCT - RELATED REACTION – An AEFI that is caused or
precipitated by a vaccine due to one or more of the inherent properties of the
vaccine product.
2. VACCINE QUALITY DEFECT – RELATED REACTION –
An AEFI that is caused or precipitated by a vaccine that is due to one or more
quality defects of the vaccine product, including its administration device as
provided by manufactuer.
COMMON MINOR VACCINE
REACTIONS
COMMON
pain & swelling
fever
irritability & malaise
SELF-LIMITING, hardly require symptomatic treatment
IMPORTANT to reassure parents
RARE, SERIOUS VACCINE
REACTIONS
RARE
Includes seizures, thrombocyto-penia, hypotonic hypo-
responsive episodes, persistant inconsolable screaming
SELF-LIMITING and do not lead to long term problems
ANAPHYLAXIS while potentially fatal, is treatable
without any long-term effect.
An AEFI that is caused by
something other than the vaccine
product, immunization error or
immunization anxiety
4. IMMUNIZATION ANXIETY –
RELATED REACTION
An AEFI arising from anxiety about the
immunization
How to minimize AEFIs?
How to minimize AEFIs ?
Monitoring
Why monitor AEFIs ?
•To help keep public’s confidence in the immunization
programmes
•To know risks and how to handle such an event when it
occurs
•To know the frequency
•To enable corrections – immunization related / quality of
vaccines
•To forecast AEFIs
WHAT TO REPORT ?
Occurring within 24-48 hours of immunization
•Anaphylactoid reaction (acute hypersensitivity reaction)
•Anaphylaxis
•Persistent (more than 3 hours ) inconsolable screaming
•Hypotonic hypo-responsive episode (HHE)
•Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Occurring within 7 days of immunization

•Severe local reactions
•Sepsis
•Injection site abscess
Occurring within 14 days of immunization
•Seizures, including febrile seizures (6-12 days for measles /
MMR; 0-2 days for DTP )
•Encephalopathy (6-12 days for measles / MMR; 0-2 days for
DTP)

Occurring within 3 months of immunization

•Acute flaccid paralysis (4-30 days for OPV recipient ; 4 – 75
days for contact.
•Brachial neuritis
•Thrombocytopenia
•Intussusception commonly after rotavirus
Occurring between 1 & 12 months after BCG
immunization

•Lymphadenitis
•Disseminated BCG infection
•Osteitis / osteomyelitis

no time limit : any death, hospitalization, disability or

other severe unusual events thought to be relate to
immunization.
REFERENCE

•PARK’S TECTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL

MEDICINE – 26tH EDITION.