Topic – NUCLEAR

POWER PLANTS

School Name- Anmol

Sinha
Subject- Science
Class- IX or 9
Section - B1
Sub topic –nuclear
powerplants in UP
and AP
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to

my teacher (HINA MAM ) as well as our principal
(Renu Srivastava)who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
(Nuclear power plant), which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and i came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to them.Secondly I would
also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me
a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame. NAME (Shivansh Agrawal) IX B1
1. Introduction

2. History of Nuclear Power

3. Principles of Nuclear Energy

4. Types of Nuclear Reactors

5. Nuclear Fuel Cycle

6. Benefits of Nuclear Power

7. Challenges and Risks of Nuclear Power

8. Future of Nuclear Power

9. Conclusion

10. Case study of nuclear plants in up

11. Case study of nuclear plants in ap

12. Thanks slide

 Introduction to the new
era

Nuclear power is a significant source of energy worldwide, providing a substantial

portion of the electricity supply. It involves harnessing the energy released from
nuclear reactions to generate electricity. Understanding nuclear power, its
principles, benefits, challenges, and future potential is crucial in the context of
global energy needs and environmental sustainability.
 HISTORY OF NEW
WORLD
The history of nuclear power dates back
to the early 20th century with the
discovery of radioactivity by Henri
Becquerel and subsequent research by
scientists like Marie Curie and Albert
Einstein. The development of nuclear
reactors began during World War II with
the Manhattan Project, which led to the
creation of the first atomic bombs. The
first nuclear power plant for electricity
generation was established in 1954 in
Obninsk, Russia. Since then, nuclear
power has evolved significantly, with
numerous reactors operating worldwide
today.
Nuclear energy is based on the principles of
nuclear fission and fusion:

 Nuclear Fission: This process involves

splitting the nucleus of an atom into
smaller parts, releasing a tremendous
amount of energy. Uranium-235 and
Plutonium-239 are commonly used
fissile materials in nuclear reactors.

 Nuclear Fusion: This process involves

combining two light atomic nuclei to
form a heavier nucleus, releasing
energy. Fusion powers the sun and stars,
and research is ongoing to harness it for
practical energy production on Earth.
 Types of Nuclear Reactors

 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR): Uses water as both a coolant

and a moderator. The water is kept under high pressure to
prevent boiling.

 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR): Water boils inside the reactor core
to produce steam directly used to drive the turbine.

 Heavy Water Reactor (HWR): Uses heavy water (deuterium oxide)

as a moderator and coolant, allowing the use of natural uranium
as fuel.

 Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR): Uses fast neutrons to convert fertile

material (like Uranium-238) into fissile material (like Plutonium-
239), effectively "breeding" fuel.

 Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR): Uses carbon dioxide as a

coolant and graphite as a moderator, with uranium oxide as
Nuclear fuel cycle
 NUCLEAR FUEL
CYCLE
 Mining and Milling: Uranium ore is mined and
processed to produce uranium oxide concentrate,
also known as yellowcake.

 Conversion and Enrichment: Yellowcake is converted

into uranium hexafluoride gas and enriched to
increase the concentration of Uranium-235.

 Fuel Fabrication: Enriched uranium is fabricated

into fuel pellets and assembled into fuel rods.

 Reactor Operation: Fuel rods are loaded into a

reactor where fission occurs, generating heat and
producing electricity.

 Spent Fuel Reprocessing: Used fuel can be

reprocessed to extract fissile material for reuse.

 Waste Management: Radioactive waste is managed

and stored safely to protect human health and the
environment.
BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
 Future of Nuclear Power

The future of nuclear power is influenced by advancements in technology and changing

energy needs:

 Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): These reactors offer potential benefits in terms of
safety, cost, and flexibility.

 Nuclear Fusion: Research into nuclear fusion aims to provide a virtually limitless and
clean energy source, with projects like ITER leading the way.

 Advanced Reactor Designs: Innovations such as thorium reactors and molten salt
reactors promise enhanced safety and efficiency.

 Integration with Renewable Energy: Nuclear power can complement renewable energy
sources, providing reliable baseload power to support intermittent solar and wind
energy.
 CONCLUSION

Nuclear power plays a crucial role in the global energy landscape, offering a low-carbon,
high-energy-density source of electricity. While it presents challenges and risks, ongoing
advancements in technology and safety measures hold the promise of a sustainable and
secure nuclear future. Understanding and addressing the complexities of nuclear power is
essential for making informed decisions about its role in our energy systems.
 Nuclear Plants in
Uttar Pradesh

Atomic Power Station (NAPS)Location: Narora, Bulandshahar

Uttar Pradesh Operator: Nuclear Power Corporation of India
Limited (NPCIL)
Reactor Type: Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
Units: 2 units of 220 MW eachOperational
Since: 1991Key Features:Part of India’s indigenous nuclear power
program.

Uses heavy water (D2O) as both moderator and coolantFuel

Fuel:Natural uranium Significant in meeting regional power

demands and contributing to India's overall energy security.
 Nuclear Plants in
Arunachal Pradesh

No Operational Nuclear Plants: As of now, there are no

operational nuclear power plants in Arunachal Pradesh

Potential and Plans:

Geographical Challenges: Arunachal Pradesh's hilly and
seismic-prone terrain makes it less feasible for large-scale
nuclear infrastructure.

Energy Strategy: Focus remains on hydroelectric power due

to the state's vast river resources.