NUTRITION IN

SCHOOL-
AGED
 Ages 7 -12 years old
NUTRITION IN SCHOOL -
AGED
Daily caloric requirement: 2,100 to 2,400 kcal/day

Characterized by a slow, steady growth, increased

body proportions,

Expresses own food choices

Strong urge to eat what his friends eat (peer

relationship)

Eats what most adults do

 NUTRITION IN SCHOOL -
Eats a wider variety of foods and has more likes and
dislikes
AGED
Develops fondness for food products of his movie idol

Should foster proper eating habit

Obesity is common

Oral Medications preferred

Observe and explain pre-pubertal change

Wants simple and plain dishes

Ensure involvement in planning and preparing meals

NUTRITION IN SCHOOL - AGED
Problem solving develops industry

Hangs out with same sex

Grows steadily.

Behavior problems are common (bullying)

Assume death as punishment.

Growth during the school age period is paralleled by a constant increase in food
intake.
Nutrition plays a role in:

Furnishing energy needed for the vigorous activity of this age.

Helping to maintain resistance to infection.

Providing adequate nutrient stores to assist in adolescent growth

Nutrient Allowances:

1. Calories - 80 to 90 kcal/kg for children aged 7-9 years

- 70 to 80 kcal/kg for children aged 10-12 years

2. Protein - 37 gm daily for children 7-9 years old

- 43 to 48 gm daily for children to 10-12 years old

3. Vitamins and minerals – essential for growth and

development like iron, ascorbic acid and calcium
Feeding Problems:
1. Inadequate meals - breakfast is often missed or hurriedly
eaten by school children.
Causes:
A. Nothing to eat
B. Late bed riser
C. Fear of being late for school
D. Rush is preparing oneself for school
2. Poor Appetite
Causes:
1. Demanding school work
2. Tiring extracurricular activities
3. New outdoor experiences
4. Soft drinks in school

3. The child has sweet tooth

Causes:
1. Parents give sweets as rewards or
pasalubong to kinds
NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE
NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE
The period of greatest nutritional needs coincide with the peak rate
growth during the adolescent spurt.

Thus, the adolescents need more food from each of the food groups.

Introducing and encouraging them to eat a wide variety of foods can set
the pattern of food habits that will be followed throughout life.
 NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENCE
It is a transition period of human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Girls go through
this period earlier than boys do.

Teenagers lead and active like with gang or “barkada”

Parents always wonder where the teenager gets their energy and vitality so prepare mostly body builders and
energy foods.

Daily caloric requirement: Girls - 2,200 kcal/day, Boys – 2,700 kcal/day

This is the time when the adolescence needs more body building and energy boosting foods.

Need to add more foods rich in protein, calories, irons, and vitamin C
Provide Iron and Zinc so that they would not develop anemia in adulthood

Attachment to opposite sex

Identity vs role confusion

Acceptance through peers is needed, growth spurt, encourage decision making .

Teach stress management and coping technique

Respect independence
.

Substance abused and early pregnancy must be addressed

Teenage pregnancy is often the cause of malnutrition not only of the mother but also in the infant,
and therefore should be avoided.
 Nutrient Allowances:
Calories - needs higher energy expenditure brought about by
intense physical activity

Protein – Protein needs are high among teenagers because of the

accelerated growth and development

- 59 grams per day for 13-15 years old; 65 grams for 16-19 years
old

Vitamins - Vitamin C allowance is constantly higher among

boys than among girls aged 16 to 19 years old. Compared to
female counterpart, the older male adolescenets have higher
recommended allowance for vitamin A,

Minerals - allowances for calcium, iron and iodine for increased

thyroid activity associated with growth
Possible Nutritional Problems:
1. Low intake of Calcium, Vitamin A and C
2. Low intake of iron for girls
3. Anorexia nervosa / Bulimia – Psychologic eating disorders
more common to women than men. Anorexia nervosa is food
restricting and Bulimia purging behavior
4. Obesity or underweight
5. Skin problems
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL
CONCERN DURING
ADOLESCENCE
1. Nutritional concern during
adolescence are eating disorders,
inappropriate food patterns including
skipping of meals, practice of food fads
and crash diets and used of alcohol and
drugs.

2. Adolescent girls are also prone to

dieting for fear of becoming fat. A well-
balanced varied diet spread over three
meals and small snacks will ensure
adequate nutrition.
HEALTH PROBLEMS:
Smoking

Alcoholism

Drug Addiction

Sexually Trasmitted diseases

Adolescent Pregnancy
Nutritional deficiencies related to:
A. Psychological factors – food aversions and emotional
problems
B. Fear of overweight or crash diets
C. Food diets
D. Poor choice of snack foods
E. Irregular eating pattern
F. Additional stress of pregnancy
 Regular Screening:

Hemoglobin and hematocrit – detect Iron Deficiency Anemia

Urinalysis – detect Urinary Tract Infection
Physical Assessment and X-ray – detect scoliosis
Breast examination for females – detection of breast CA
Testicular examination for males – detection of testicular CA
Gynecologic care for females
NUTRITION
IN ADULT
YEAR
- It is the period of life when one has attained
full growth and maturity between 21-50 years
of age
FEEDING THE ADULT:
To stay healthy, the following must be observed and followed:

Eat variety of foods

Eat food with adequate starch and fibers

Maintain ideal weight

Avoid too much fat, saturated fat and cholesterol

Avoid alcohol, drink alcohol in moderation.

Avoid too much sugar; avoid too much sodium

 NUTRITIONAL ISSUES:
1. OSTEOPOROSIS is a silent enemy.
- It is a bone disease that leads to an increased risk of
fracture.
- It is less common in men than in women.
- Women who are at risk in developing osteoporosis are
women whose ovaries are removed at an early age, and
sedentary women.
- Smokers and drinkers are also at risk.
- To prevent bone loss experts recommend 30 minutes of
exercise 3 to 6 times a week and calcium supplement.
2. CANCER - Because of high incidence of cancer in
adulthood.
 Here are the recommended foods to fend off
cancer:
Fruits, vegetables, and whole grain cereals such as oatmeal, bran, wheat may help lower the risk of
colorectal cancer.
Carotene – a form of vitamin A present in cantaloupe, peaches, broccoli, spinach, all dark green leafy
vegetables, sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes , citrus foods lowers the risk of cancer of the
larynx and esophagus.

Cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower reduce the risk of GI and respiratory tract cancer.

Foods high in fats, or nitrite-cured foods like ham and fish, and types of sausages smoked by traditional
methods should be eaten in moderation.

Milk, especially 2-3 cups of vitamin D fortified skim milk a day may help ward off colon cancer.

Cabbage prevents cancer. In fact, all vegetables which fall into a group of plants known as Cruciferae
have an anti-cancer effect, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, mustard and collard.
 NUTRITION IN AGING
• ELDERLY– refers to the period being past middle age.
 AGING
Is a continuous process that starts in the womb ends in the
tomb.

Aging are believed to be caused by loss in the number of

cells

Collagen in the connective tissues undergoes chemical

changes with aging

Sense of taste and sense of smell are less acute causing loss
of appetite

Less saliva is secretes so swallowing of food is difficult

Digestion is affected due to reduction acidity and pepsin

content

Fats are poorly tolerated because they retard gastric

evacuation