Opening song/prayer

https://youtu.be/C53GgUJ6y-Y

•Psalm 8:4-5
– what is mankind that you are mindful of them,
human beings that you care for them?
– Yet you have made him a little lower than the
heavenly beings and crowned him with glory and
honor.
 THE PROCESS OF
BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION
 What we will learn today:

• EXEGESIS
• HERMENEUTICS
• EISEGESIS
EISEGESIS
• reads into the text what the interpreter
wishes to find or thinks he finds there.
• It expresses the reader's own subjective
ideas, not the meaning which is in the text.
• “eis” means “into”
Exegesis
• Greek exegeisthai,
exegeisthai “to draw out”
• “ex” means “out of”
• A method or process of drawing out
the meaning of a given text – “the
original intention of the writer, and
the meaning the passage would have
held for the readers it was first
intended.”
 What is exegesis?
• EXEGESIS
– Bringing out the
meaning of the
Biblical texts by
analysis of its words,
grammatical structure,
literary form, historical
context, etc.
– It is an investigation
 Exegesis employs several approaches
which we generally call Biblical Criticism.
These tools explain the text by establishing
it in its “real world.”
• Various ways of doing exegesis
• 3 types of biblical criticism
– Historical criticism
– Literary criticism
– Audience criticism
 BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION/
CRITICISM

Historical Literary criticism Audience criticism

criticism - Concerned with
- analysis of the
-author, historical understanding the
text as it
situation, original historical
theological stands
recipients of the
concerns biblical texts
 Literary Criticism
Literary criticism enables us to analyze a scriptural text
by examining:

• genre

• plot

• characters

• symbolism
© ninjaudom / Shutterstock.com
In literary criticism, some of the questions
we ask of the text include:
• What is the form or literary genre of the text?
• How would you summarize the text?
In literary criticism, some of the questions
we ask of the text include:

• Is there a plot? What is the plot?

• What do you notice about the placement or
repetition of words? What particular words are used?
What do they mean?
• What images or symbols are used? How are they
used? What is their significance?
• What characters appear in the text (if any)? What do
you know about them? How do the characters
interact and relate in the text?
• What is the primary message that is being
communicated in the text?
 AUDIENCE CRITICISM
• Who were the
original recipients?
• Where did they live?
• What persuasive
effect does the
biblical text have
upon its implied
readers?

Christian.art.com
 Historical Criticism
• Socio-historical criticism enables us to understand the
world in which a scriptural text was written.
• Through socio-historical criticism we try to excavate the
cultural world of the text that has been hidden or
covered by time.

© ChameleonsEye / Shutterstock.com
HISTORICAL CRITICISM
• Who wrote the text?
• To whom was it
addressed?
• What was the
intention of the author
• What circumstances
brought about the
text?
• Historical, socio-
political, cultural,
religious background
 WHAT IS
HERMENEUTICS?
What is hermeneutics?
• Etymological meaning of
hermeneutics
– Derived from a Greek word for
interpreter
– Connected with the name of the
god Hermes, the reputed
messenger and interpreter of the
gods
– In Greek mythology, the role of
Hermes (the messenger of the
Olympian gods) was to convey
and to make intelligible for mortals
the message of the gods.
– The Greek word has the basic
meaning of one who makes the
meaning clear
 WHAT IS
HERMENEUTICS?

• Greek hermeneuein – “to explain”

• The theory of reading, interpretation, and
understanding of a text whether written or serving
as documents of life.
• The entire process of biblical interpretation
 Description of Hermeneutics
Biblical Hermeneutics
The discipline of interpreting the Bible which
includes exegesis (the discovery of the original
meaning) and the contextualization of meaning
to Christian theology and practice
Hermeneutics would be a
very tough job without first
re-discovering the ‘world of
the past’ because there is
always the danger of
‘missing the point’ and the
real meaning.
 hermeneutics
exegesis

• Hermeneutics involves the work of exegesis and criticism.

• This should lead to the integration of the meaning of the text
into the world of the reader
• “hermeneutical moment” happens in the event in which the
text’s meaning comes home. Understanding happens in the
process of appropriating the meaning of the text in our
concrete lives; when the meaning of the text fully grasped is
actualized in the lives of readers who appropriate it.
 Interpretative process
• THE WORLD BEHIND THE TEXT
• The world of the author
EXEGESIS
• Views the text as a window, a source of information about the author, the
addressees and the world in which they lived, everything that gave rise to the text

•THE WORLD OF THE TEXT EXEGESIS

•Serves as a mirror which reflects the
interrelationship of the elements that make up
the text

•THE WORLD BEFORE THE TEXT HERMENEUTICS

•(the reader)
•The text does not only inform but also transforms when we begin
to realize its significance and accept the challenges it offers
•How does the message of the Bible enlighten the here and now?
Exegesis and Hermeneutics

hermeneutics

exegesis
 What is the difference between exegesis and hermeneutics?

HERMENEUTIC
EXEGESIS
S
 deals with what a scriptural • involves the interpretation of
text meant to its author and a scriptural text to provide
meaning for the present-day
intended reader in their world The starting point of
sociocultural context. hermeneutics is exegesis
• Study of socio- cultural
context to get the original
meaning intended
• Requires the knowledge of
– History, geography,
archaeology, culture
Do YOU interpret the bible?
 Do YOU interpret the bible?
• No.
• We don’t interpret the Bible.
We do what it says.
• We let the Bible interpret itself.
 If we do
exegesis or
hermeneutics, it
is because we
want to see
Christ more
clearly, follow
him more nearly
and love him
more dearly
Hermeneutics and Exegesis in the gospel
The PARABLES of JESUS
 form a major part of his teachings
 present counter-cultural values of the Kingdom
 are stories used by Jesus
compare the truths in his teachings to everyday
characters, objects, situations

• Read the Parable of the

Lost Sheep
• Luke 15:1-7
PARABLE OF THE LOST SHEEP
Lk. 15: 1-7
The tax collectors and sinners were all drawing near to listen to him, but the
Pharisees and scribes began to complain, saying, “This man welcomes
sinners and eats with them.” So to them he addressed this parable.
“What man among you having a hundred sheep and losing one of them would
not leave the ninety-nine in the desert and go after the lost one until he
finds it? And when he does find it, he sets it on his shoulders with great joy
and, upon his arrival home, he calls together his friends and neighbors and
says to them, ‘Rejoice with me because I have found my lost sheep.’
I tell you, in just the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one
sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no
need of repentance.

AUDIENCE CRITICISM
LITERARY CRITICISM
• It is known that animals can instantly
recognize the voice of a familiar trusted
person. Sheep have excellent memories
for faces. They remember their handler.
They also remember people who inflict
abuse upon them.

HISTORICAL CRITICISM
 • No Distance Can Keep the Shepherd from His Lost
H Sheep
• Pope Francis General Audience Address May 4, 2016
E • The lesson that Jesus wants us to learn is, rather, that not
R a single one of us can be lost. The Lord cannot accept the
fact that a single person can be lost. God’s action is that of
M one who goes out seeking his lost children and then
rejoices and celebrates with everyone at their recovery.
E • God throws no one away; God loves everyone, looks for
N everyone: one by one! He doesn’t know what “throwing
people away” means, because he is entirely love, entirely
E mercy.
• https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=11243
U
T
I
C
S
 MODERN
DAY
PARABLE OF
THE LOST
SHEEP
Meet SHREK THE SHEEP

Shrek really, really, really did not like

getting his hair cut. So for six years, this
New Zealand libertarian managed to
avoid spring shearings by hiding in a
cave.
• For six years, Shrek carried six times the regular
weight of his fleece. Simply because he was away
from his shepherd.
When he was finally found and shaved, his fleece
weighed an amazing sixty pounds. Most sheep have a
fleece weighing just under ten pounds, with the
exception usually reaching fifteen pounds, maximum.
 Chris the Sheep

https://youtu.be/yLrvy4ejQuA

• It is believed that Chris was separated from his pack

for about five to six years prior to his discovery.
• He was found wandering in Canberra, Australia
• If we avoid Christ’s constant refining of our
character, we’re going to accumulate extra weight
in this world—a weight we don’t have to bear.
• Christ can lift the burdens we carry, if only we stop
hiding.

https://youtu.be/vvuvUN9P_uU https://youtu.be/Y9wqJOVu_HU
Tupang ligaw instrumental
A. Check up quiz (this will be recorded as
sw3)
– You have 10 minutes to answer the quiz.
– No special quiz for this for those who were
recorded as present today.

B. Discussion of MIDTERM PROJECT