Writing Proficiency

in classroom
Learning
CRIMSON EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CENTRE

MR. JOBYMON MN

READING CHILDREN WILL BE

T H I N K I N G A D U LT S

W R I T I N G P R OVO K E S YO U R
I M AG I N AT I O N
 INTRODUCTION

Writing is an essential life skill. You will need to write many

things in teaching learning process, so learning how to
write and doing daily practice on your writing skills will
serve you well.
 The Four Main Styles of Writing

The four main styles of writing are:

Expository-----Informs
Descriptive----Describes
Persuasive----Convinces
Narrative------Tells a story
Let’s take a closer look at each of these writing styles
and what they mean.
 Statements
1. Make more noticeable or prominent.
2. A group of people with a shared characteristic
3. Tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it to others.
4. The country that a person treats as their permanent home, or lives in and has a substantial
connection with.
5. Expose the falseness or hollowness of (an idea or belief).
6. The action of giving a misleading account or impression.
7. Bring into effective action.
8. Former.
9. Quite heavy.
10. An arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things.
11. The action of insulating something.
12. Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning.
13.Division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
14. Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
15. Showing a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable or
unacceptable.
16. Strike repeatedly with the fists.
17. Say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.
18. The process of redesigning
19. Assistance and support in times of hardship and distress.
20. Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
21.Producing a beneficial effect
22. Deceit used in order to achieve one's goal.
23. Lessen the effectiveness, power, or ability of, especially gradually or insidiously.
24. (especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or
objection.
1. Accentuate [v]
10. Influx [N]
2. Cohort [N] 18. Reengineering[v]
11. Insulation[N]
3. Confide [V] 19. Succour [ V,N]
12. Inadvertent {Adj]
4. Domicile [N] 20. Susceptible [N]
13. Polarization [N]
5. Debunk [V] 21. Salutary [Adj]
14. Protracted [N.V]
6. Distortion [N] 22. Subterfuge [N]
15. Perverse [Adj]
7. Deployed [V] 23. Undermine [V1052]
16. Pummelled [V]
8. Erstwhile [Adj] 24. Untenable [Adj]
17. Reiterate [V]
9. Hefty {Adj]
 Example
As a matter of fact, the advancement of
internet in the world has paved an easy
way to read news; the readers of
Newspaper have reduced since then. The
source of current economic condition,
trade, sports, and commerce is seen in
newspapers. Wikipedia rates that India
sells 78.8 million copies per day. Reading
newspaper develops reading habit, the
knowledge about one’s
surroundings/world and the
communication fluency of the readers.
Therefore, newspaper has been the
source of general and specific
information.
 Informs
 Explains
 Presents in logical order
 Articulate concepts
 Merits of the facts
 Clear and focus language
 General to specific
 Abstract to concrete
 Hard to find out writer
 Rarely use Pronouns especially First-
person pronoun
 Use simple structure
 Right usage of punctuation marks
 Limit the usage of comma

EXAMPLE
Learning objectives of Expository writing.
1. Provide evidence that supports a thesis, including relevant information on
varying perspectives.
2. Articulate concepts and information correctly and concisely.
3. Decide the significance and merit of different facts, concepts and data.
4. Organize an expository paragraph
 ELEMENTS OF
EXPOSITORY WRITING
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPOSITORY WRITING
1. The introduction
1. Informative. Expository text is meant to
2. The body [Three
deposit information
paragraphs]
2. Clarity. Using words that clearly show what
3. The conclusion the author is talking about.
3. Organization of the text. A well-written
exposition remains focused on its topic
and lists events in chronological order.
TYPES OF EXPOSITORY
WRITING 4. Impersonal. ...
1. Descriptive essays 5. Unbiased.
2. Process essays
3. Comparison essays
4. Cause/effect essays
5. Problem/solution essays.
STRUCTURES OF
EXPOSITORY WRITING EXPOSITORY TEXT
1. Organization. 1. Clear,
2. Topic Sentence, Thesis 2. Focused language
Statement, and Subtopics. 3. Moves from facts that
are general to specific and
3. Transitions.
abstract to concrete.
4. Evidence and Examples.
5. Conclusion.
1. This particular writing skill is devoid of any personal opinion of the writer.
2. In the Expository writing style, the writer is required to inform the reader. Only facts and data is the important thing that needs to be delivered in
such a writing style.
3. As there is no such personal touch of the writer, the writing seems to be a bit formal, and it becomes really hard to find out the writer of such content.
4. The writing style follows a logical order, and this helps the reader to understand the content easily.
 TYPES OF EXPOSITORY WRITINGS

• ESSAY
• RESEARCH PAPER
• REPORT
• MANUAL
• Newsletters
• Instruction manuals
• Textbooks
• Educational articles
• Recipes
Types of Expository Essay
There are six types of expository essay

1.Compare and contrast essay: It is a type of essay that compares and contrasts two
things.

2. Cause and effect essay: This essay tries to find out the causes of some things and
their effects on something.

3. Process essay: This essay explains the process of making or doing something.

4. Problem and solution essay: This essay presents a problem and provides its
possible solutions.

5. Classification essay: In this essay, the topic is divided into categories. The examples,
ideas, and characters are defined for each category in the form of groups

6. Definition essay: This essay defines what the topic exactly means. A definition essay
provides clear and specific information about the topic and uses examples to clarify it.
 Compare and Contrast Essay
The compare and contrast essay is a type of essay in
. which the writer compares and contrasts two things.
The writer compares the similarities between the
two selected subjects and contrasts the differences
in those subjects. The subjects should belong to the
same category.

For example; Compare and contrast two oranges or

two apples, rather than comparing and contrasting
an apple with an orange. You can compare and
contrast the color of apples, the shape, the size, etc.
You cannot compare the color of an apple with an
orange. It doesn’t make sense as they don’t belong
to the same category
 ACTIVITY No.2

Explain the relationship between

education and quality of life

Instructions

 All the members of the groups need to

B
contribute at least one life skill in the O
writing. Education T
Quality of life
 The final drafting will be done by the
h
speaker.
 No individual submission.
 One write up from each group.
 Cause and Effect Essay
In the cause and effect essay, the writer tries to find
.
the cause of something; why did something happen?
. and what effects it might have. This type of essay has
built around the reason that caused something to
happen and its possible impacts

There are two ways to structure a cause and

effect essay:
Block structure: All the causes are presented
first and then all of its effects. Chain structure:
Each of the causes is followed by its effect
straight away.
This essay could be based upon assumptions or
could be based on facts, but either way, they
should be validated

Process Essay
The process essay refers to the
process of something i.e. how to
make an apple pie. This type of
writing includes a step by step
process of making or doing
something.
For example; You are writing about how to bake a cake. You’ll
provide the complete recipe in a proper sequence i.e.
1. Preheat the oven for half an hour at 180 degree
2. Mix the baking powder, cocoa powder, flour, and sugar
3. Beat the eggs
4. Add the beaten eggs into the mixture
5. Melt the butter and chocolate and add them into the
mixture
6. Pour the batter into the pan and bake
This is how you write a process essay, it provides the complete
process of doing something. The goal is to provide the process in
such a way that the reader can follow the sequence without any
mistake.
Activity No. 3
Problem and Solution Essay
In the problem solution essay, the writer identifies a
problem and then proposes its solution. The writer
examines the particular subject from various aspects and
perspectives prior to providing a solution. This essay is
somewhat similar to the cause and effect essay.

For example; You choose to write about the coronavirus.

You’ll examine the problem thoroughly i.e. how the virus
came into existence? How is it spreading, What problems has
it caused for society? etc.
After examining the problem, you’ll suggest its possible
solutions; how to overcome this situation? What
precautionary measures do we need to take to protect
ourselves from the virus? etc.
Classification Essay
The classification essay divides the essay topic
into different groups and categories. The
categories are further explained in detail to clarify
the topic. Each group or category has its own
examples, object, character, and ideas

For example:
If you write about different types of shoes,
each of the body paragraphs will define the
characteristics of different shoes.
Definition Essay
The definition essay is a type of expository essay that gives a
complete description of the topic. It explains what the term or the
topic of the essay exactly means. Some terms have concrete
meanings like glass, book, etc. Whereas some have abstract
meanings like love, respect, honor, etc.
The definition essay revolves around explaining the purpose,
what, why, and how aspects of the topic of the essay. This essay
could start with the dictionary definition and ultimately provide
the extended definition.
The main features of expository writing style include:

 It needs to be informative and highlight relevant details for better understanding

 There should be clarity and an expository writer should know what they’re talking about

 Well-written expository pieces continue to focus on the main topic and list events in an
organized manner

 The use of the first-person narrative should be avoided; instead, second-person instruction is
much more effective

 It should steer clear of personal thoughts and opinions and present an unbiased version of the
information
The relevance of Punctuation marks in writing

If a phrase or a sentence is not punctuated

correctly, the intended meaning of a
message changes completely
 Comma and Oxford Comma

The main difference between Oxford comma

and comma is that an Oxford comma refers to
a comma that usually comes before the final
conjunction of a sentence, while a regular
comma is a punctuation mark that depicts
the divisions in a particular sentence.
Comma:

 Independent clause
 Dependent clause
 To set off essential elements
 To connects the dependent clause with
independent clause
 Before a conjunction (and, but, or, nor, so,
far, yet) to connect independent clause
 To separate three or more items in a series
 After a verb that introduces a quotation
When not to use Comma:
 To separate a verb from its subject
 Within a compound structure when the second part of the
compound is not an independent clause
 After a coordinating conjunction that connects two sentences
(comma goes only before conjunction)
 To connect two independent clauses when no coordinating
conjunction is present
 To separate an independent clause from a following dependent
clause introduced by after, before, because, if, since, unless,
until, or when
 To separate a verb from its object or complement
 After “such as”
SEMICOLON:
 Connect two independent clauses with a semicolon to
avoid a run-on sentence or a comma splice
 To separate items in a list containing internal commas

WHEN NOT TO USE:

 Semicolons interchangeably with colons.
 After an introductory phrase or dependent clause, even
if the phrase or clause is long.
COLON:
 After an independent clause to introduce a list
 After an independent clause to introduce an
explanation or elaboration
 WHEN NOT TO USE:
 Directly after a verb (such as a form of be or
include)
 Directly after a preposition or “such as”
Descriptive writing

It is a literary device in which the author uses

details to paint a picture with their words
OBJECTIVES OF DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
1. Understand and utilize the descriptive language associated
with the five senses.
2. Identify the different types of descriptive paragraphs: person,
place, object, and event.
3. Describe a person, a place, an object, or an event adequately
and concisely.
4. Indicate in writing the significance of a person, place, and
event
 For example, when you eat an apple you:
 See: the green skin of the apple, the white flesh
 Hear: the crunching sound as the crisp apple is bitten in to, chewing, swallowing
 Touch: smooth skin of the apple, the sticky drips of juice
 Taste: sweet taste of apple
 Smell: the soft and subtle smell of the fruit.
 When you walk along a bush track you might:
 See: tall, slender trees reaching high up into the sky, leaf-littered track, dappled
 patterns of sunlight on the leafy floor, wildflowers, lizards
 Hear: birds chirping, leaves rustling, the incessant scream of cicadas, feet falling
 on the rough ground
 Touch: the rough/smooth bark of the trees, smooth leaves, prickly grass or bushes
 Taste: hints of dust, perhaps salty taste of sweat
 Smell: heavy smell of eucalyptus, clean country air, sweat, sweet odour of sun
 cream
 Figurative Language

 Personification
 Metaphor
 Simile
 Alliteration
 Onomatopoeia
 Hyperbole
 Euphemism
 Irony
 Anaphora
 Apostrophe
 Pun
 Paradox
 Oxymoron
 Assonance
 Metonymy
Figures of Speech Examples
1. Personification The opportunity knocked at his door
2. Metaphor It is raining cats and dogs
3. Simile He is as brave as a lion
4. Alliteration She sells seashells on the seashore
5. Onomatopoeia The buzzing bee flew over my head
6. Hyperbole She has got a pea-sized brain
7. Euphemism He passed away in his sleep
8. Irony Your hands are as clean as mud
9. Anaphora Dr Martin Luther King Jr: “I Have a Dream” Speech
10. Apostrophe Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are
11. Pun Everyone thinks my runny nose is funny, but it’s snot.
12. Paradox “Some of my biggest triumphs have also been failures,”
13. Oxymoron You are clearly confused by the situation you have found yourself in
14. Assonance How now, brown cow?
15. Metonymy “The pen is mightier than the sword”
FORMS OF DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
1.Writing about a person
2. Writing about an object
3. Writing about a place
4. Writing about oneself
5. Writing about others
6. Writing poems
7. Writing about traveling, memory or experience
8. Writing about nature etc.
Mango is the national fruit of India which is loved by one and
all. It is a very juicy, pulpy and luscious fruit. Ripe mangoes
can either be consumed raw or in the form of salad, juice,
jams, milkshake or pickles. Mango is a rich source of various
vitamins and minerals.
Note:
EXAMPL
E
 DESCRIPTIVE
Obviously, the fast advancement of internet the 1. Transitions
information superhighway in our world has 2. Apposition
brought an amazing shift in all departments since 3. Similie
the birth of internet The availability and the 4. Metaphor
accessibility of it has become handy and it helped 5. Oxymoron
a lot people read news without spending much of 6. Alliteration
their savings. On the other hand, the number of 7. Apposition
newspapers being sold has been reduced after 8. Number of punctuation marks
the development of internet and related devices. 9. Adjectives
For instance, the number of houses where 10.Adverbs
newspapers are being supplied would be less in 11.Compound structure
comparison with previous years without internet. 12.Complex structure
13.Compound complex structure
14.
Persuasive writing

It intends to convince readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do an action

OBJECTIVES OF PERSUASIVE WRITING
1. Organize arguments in a logical and persuasive order.
2. Provide appropriate support in the form of quotations, statistics, expert opinions, and
commonly accepted facts.
3. Clarify the meaning and significance of the main arguments.
4. Identify and refute relevant counterpoints.
The purpose:

1. When a writer needs to convince his or her audience, the Persuasive

writing style is the one they choose.
2. Sometimes a writer may write something, which could create a
mixture of feelings among the readers. To avoid that and to keep the
readers by the writers' side, the writer tries to convince the audience
through the writing.
3. The writer would put all the logical points and sometimes may
provide arguments favouring the thoughts he wants to impose on the
readers.
4. However, the readers would feel an emotional connection and
eventually adopt the writers' opinion most of the companies having
marketing departments use this writing style to promote their
products or services.
The types of Persuasive writing

•Company brochures
•Advertisements
•Cover letters
•Opinion columns
•Recommendation letters
•Movie review
•Letter to news paper editor
 Example

1. Use Experts opinions

Persuasive style
2. Use commonly accepted
facts
I am certain that the advent of Internet has reduced 3. Be Aware of expected
the number of readers of newspapers. In support of counterpoints
this, I can reinstate that the distribution of 4. Make emotional
Newspaper had obviously come down in number. connection
Exactly seven years back, there were 78.8 million 5. Provide supportive facts to
people were reading newspaper on regular base; all statements
Without a doubt, I can assure you that the number 6. Know your readers
of newspaper readers are now 68.6 as per the 7. Be aware of what you are
current distribution. Furthermore, the accessibility trying to prove
of internet has become one of the elements behind 8. Never deviate from the
this issue. In short. I can prove that the recipients of topics
news are increasing day by day regardless of
newspaper decrease.
 Narrative writing

a piece of writing characterized by a main character in a setting who

encounters a problem or engages in an interesting, significant or
entertaining activity or experience.
OBJECTIVES OF NARRATIVE WRITING
1. Identify the differences in form between descriptive and narrative paragraphs.
2. Know the major differences between autobiographical and biographical narratives.
3. Recognize the structure of autobiographical and biographical narratives.
4. Identify the importance of personal growth in a narrative paragraph.
5. Stress the importance of personal growth within your own narrative paragraph.
THE ELEMENETS OF NARRATIVE WRITING
1. Plot,
2. Characters,
3. Point of view,
4. Setting,
5. Theme,
6. Conflict,
7. Style
THE FEATURES OF NARRATIVE WRITING

1.Exposition. This is the beginning of the story.

2.Rising action. Once the story has begun, it is important to create
tension by raising the stakes. You must raise the stakes along the
way and create obstacles of ever-increasing intensity while keeping
your eye firmly fixed on your conclusion.
3.Climax (middle). The pinnacle of your plot.
4. Falling action. The falling action occurs after the climax but
before the end. Falling action frequently depicts the protagonist
dealing with the consequences or fallout of the climax. The falling
action is when the protagonist ties up loose ends and heads toward
the conclusion. It is also referred to as the denouement.
5. Resolution. This is the end of the story.
The best way to recognize the narrative style is to
identify its more characteristic elements:

 Sets a scene.
 Usually has a beginning, a middle and an end.
 Includes characters, plots, backgrounds and
descriptions
 Tends to be longer than the other writing styles.
Identify which writing style is described below:

·An essay about police brutality in the 1960s

·A letter to the school principal giving your reasons why there is too
much homework
·The time you went to the zoo and saw a tiger
·An article about war orphans and the effect of war on their lives
·An essay to introduce the main themes from Hamlet
·A news story from your local paper
·An account of a trip you made on a plane
·A letter to a news website to convince people why they should stop
going to fast-food restaurants
·A poem about a thunderstorm
·A website that introduces a resort
 Conclusion
Good writing skills are a life skill.
If you improve your writing skills, it will help you in many
aspects of your life. Not just for employment, but in many other
ways too.
Writing is not only something we do in school or college. It is
not just an assignment we do for homework.
Later in your life, you may be required to write emails, guides,
reports, letters — even a short story. By practising your
writing skills and developing all the main four writing styles
will benefit you in your life.
BE TEACHABLE STUDENTS……
THANK YOU ALL……..

CRIMSON ONE FOR ALL