DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

PROBABILITY
 CONCEPTS :
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Events in Probability:
When we perform any experiment, there are some outcomes which are called
events. Let us study the different types of events can occur.
Trial and Elementary Events: If we repeat a random experiment under exact
conditions, it is known as trial and all the possible outcomes are known as
elementary events. E.g. if we throw a dice it is called a trial and getting 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 or 6 is called elementary event.
Compound Event: When two or more elementary events are combined it is
known as compound event. When we throw a dice, getting a prime number is
compound event as we can get 2, 3, 5 and all are elementary.
Exhaustive Number of Cases: It is the total possible outcome. When we throw a
dice total number of cases are 6. When we throw a pair of dice exhaustive
number of cases is 36.
 Mutually
DIFFERENT Exclusive
WAYS TO CREATEEvents: It means simultaneous occurrence
AN OBJECT
is not possible. In case of tossing a coin, either head will come or
tail will come. So, both are mutually exclusive events.
Equally Likely Cases: It means chances are equal. When we throw a dice, each
outcome has equal chance. So it is case of equally likely.
Total Number of Cases: As the name suggests, the total number of elementary
events of a trial are known as total number of case
Favorable Events: Desired outcome of an elementary event is called Favorable
event. E.g. when we throw a dice and it is asked that what is the probability of
getting a multiple of 3? In this case favorable cases are 2 (3 and 6) and total
cases are obviously 6.
Independent Events: Two events are called independent if outcome of one event
is not affecting the outcome of other. If we toss a coin and throw a
dice then outcome of coin is
independent of outcome of coin, both are independent events.
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT
Mutually exclusive events: Two events are mutually exclusive
if they cannot occur simultaneously. For n mutually exclusive
events, the probability is the sum of all probabilities of these events:
p = p1 + p2 + ... + p (n-1) + p (n) ((Or)) P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B)

where A and B denote mutually exclusive events.

Independent events: Two events are independent if the occurrence of one
event does not influence the occurrence of other events. Therefore, for n
independent events, the probability is the product of all probabilities of
independent events:
p = p1 x p2 x ... x p (n-1) x p (n) ((or)) P(X and Y) = P(X) x P(Y)

where X and Y denote independent events

Odds in favor of certain event = No. of successes: No. of failures
Odds against of an event = No. of failures: No. of successes
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT
 QUESTION 1:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

The probabilities of three teams A, B and C winning a badminton competition

are 1/3,1/5,1/9
Calculate the probability that
a) either A or B will win
b) either A or B or C will win
c) none of these teams will win
d) neither A nor B will win
ANS:
a) 8/15
b)29/45
c)16/45
d)7/15
QUESTION 2:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT
A card is drawn from a deck of cards. Events E1, E2, E3, E4
and E5 are defined as follows:
E1: Getting an 8 E2: Getting a king E3: Getting a face card
E4: Getting an ace E5: Getting a heart
a) Are events E1 and E2 mutually exclusive?
b) Are events E2 and E3 mutually exclusive?
c) Are events E3 and E4 mutually exclusive?
d) Are events E4 and E5 mutually exclusive?
e) Are events E5 and E1 mutually exclusive?
ANS:
a) mutually exclusive
b) not mutually exclusive
c) mutually exclusive
d) not mutually exclusive
e) not mutually exclusive
 QUESTION 3:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Three coins are tossed at the same time. We say A as the event of receiving
at least 2 heads. Likewise, B denotes the event of getting no heads and C is
the event of getting heads on the second coin. Which of these is mutually
exclusive?
A. B & A and A & C
B. B & A and B & C
C. B & C and A & C
D. A & C and B & C

Answer: C
Differences between
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATEindependent
AN OBJECT events and
mutually exclusive events :

Independent Events Mutually exclusive events

They cannot be specified based

They are independent of trials
on the outcome of a maiden trial.

Can never have common

Can have common outcomes
outcomes

If A and B are two independent If A and B are two mutually

events, then exclusive events, then
P(A ∩ B) = P(B) .P(A) P(A ∩ B) = 0
 QUESTION 4:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Out of the following examples, which represents an independent event?

A) The probability of drawing an Ace from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards,
twice.
B) Probability of drawing a King from a pack of 52 cards and an Ace from
another well-shuffled pack of 52 cards.
C) Two queens which we draw out of a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards.
D) All of the above events are examples of independent events.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Answer: B
 QUESTION 5:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Four unit squares are chosen at random on a chessboard. What is the

probability that three of them are of one colour and fourth is of opposite colour?

A. 80/427
B. 160/427
C. 320/1281
D. 640/1281

Answer: D
 QUESTION
DIFFERENT 6:CREATE AN OBJECT
WAYS TO

A bag contains 10 balls numbered from 0 to 9. the balls are such that the person
picking a ball out of the bag is equally likely to pick anyone of them. A person
picked a ball and replaced it in the bag after noting its number. He repeated this
process 2 more times. What is the probability that the ball picked first is
numbered higher than the ball picked second and the ball picked second is
numbered higher than the ball picked third?

A. 72/100
B. 3/25
C. 4/5
D. 1/6
Answer: B
 QUESTION 7:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

In a class, 40% of the students study math and science. 60% of the students
study math. What is the probability of a student studying science given he/she is
already studying math?

A. 0.87
B. 0.57
C. 0.67
D. 0.87

Answer: C
 QUESTION 8:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Three bags contain 3 red, 7 black; 8 red, 2 black, and 4 red & 6 black balls
respectively. 1 of the bags is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. If
the ball drawn is red, find the probability that it is drawn from the third bag.

A. 5/17
B. 4/15
C. 3/15
D. 7/15

Answer: B
 QUESTION 9:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Find the probability that a leap year has 52 Sundays

A. 3/7
B. 4/7
C. 5/7
D. 6/7

Answer: C
QUESTION 10:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the number obtained
on one of the dice is multiple of number obtained on the other dice?

A. 11/18
B. 12/18
C. 13/18
D. 15/18

Answer: A
QUESTION 11:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

A problem is given to three persons P, Q, R whose respective chances of

solving it are 2/7, 4/7, 4/9 respectively. What is the probability that the problem
is solved?

A. 124/147
B. 123/147
C. 122/147
D. 121/147

Answer: C
 QUESTION 12:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

In a game there are 70 people in which 40 are boys and 30 are girls,
out of which 10 people are selected at random. One from the total
group, thus selected is selected as a leader at random. What is the
probability that the person, chosen as the leader is a boy?

A. 4/7
B. 4/9
C. 5/7
D. 2/7
Answer: A
QUESTION 13:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

The game 'Chunk-a-Luck' is played at carnivals in some

parts of Europe.Its rules are as follows:If you pick a number from 1 to 6 and the
operator rolls three dice.If the number you picked comes up on All three dice,
the operator pays you Rs. 3 ; If it comes up on two dice, you are paid Rs.
2; And it comes up on just one dice, you are paid Rs. 1.
Only if the number you picked does not come up at all, you pay the operator
Rs. 1.The probability that you will win money playing in this game is:
A. 0.52
B. 0.753
C. 0.42
D. None of the above

Answer: C
 QUESTION 14:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Dexter was born between October 6th and 10th (6th and 10th excluding). His
year of birth is also known. What is the probability of Dexter being born on a
Saturday?

A. 0 or 3/7
B. 1/7 or 3/7
C. 1/3 or 1/7
D. Cannot be determined

Answer: A
 QUESTION 15:
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT

Sum of digits of a 5 digit number is 41. Find the probability that such a
number is divisible by 11?

A. 2/15
B. 11/36
C. 3/35
D. 6/35

Answer: D
DIFFERENT WAYS TO CREATE AN OBJECT