PENGANTAR ILMU

KOMUNIKASI
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MATERI FAKULTAS PROGRAM STUDI

04 Ilmu
Komunikasi
Ilmu
Komunikasi
THE DEFINITION OF THEORY

An umbrella term for all careful, systematic, and self-conscious discussion and
analysis of communication phenomena - Bormann in Griffin, 2019.
A set of systematic hunches about the way things operate - Burgoon in Griffin, 2019.
A theory consists of a set of systematic and informed hunches about the way things
work - Burgoon in Griffin, 2019.
A theory is an abstract system of concepts with indications of the relationships
among these concepts that help us to understand a phenomenon – West and Turner,
2021.
A process of developing ideas that can allow us to explain how and why events occur
– Turner (1986) in West and Turner, 2021.
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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Shanon and Weaver (The Linear Model).
Communication as a linear process. Key elements: Source, message,
channel, noise (semantic noise, psychological noise, physical noise, and
physiological noise), and receiver.
The assumptions:
• There is only one message in the communication process
• Shannon and Weaver’s model adopts this mechanistic orientation
(there’s a beginning and end in the communication process).
• Communication is a one-way communication.
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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
2. Schramm (The Interactional Model).
Emphasizes the two-way communication process between communicators.
Communication is ongoing where a person can perform the role of either
sender or receiver during an interaction, but not both roles simultaneously.
One element essential to the interactional model of communication is
feedback  influence by the field of experience.
The assumptions: The interactional model suggests that one person acts as
sender while the other acts as receiver in a communication encounter; two
people speaking and listening, but not at the same time.

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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
3. Barnlund (The Transaction Model).
The simultaneous sending and receiving of messages in a
communication episode. Communication is transactional means that
the process is cooperative; the sender and the receiver are mutually
responsible for the effect and the effectiveness of communication.
In the transactional model, people build shared meaning, what people
say during a transaction is greatly influenced by their past experience.

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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
3. Barnlund (The Transaction Model).
The assumptions:
• Transactional communication requires us to recognize the influence of one
message on another.
• One message builds on the previous message  there is an interdependency
between and among the components of communication.
• The nonverbal communication is just as important as the verbal message in
such a transactional process.
• The fields of experience exist, but overlap occurs. Individuals must build shared
meaning.
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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

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 TERIMA
KASIH

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