Pigment printing

Dye and pigment

PIGMENT DYE

• In the form ink • Ink or particle

• No Affinity To Fibre • Affinity To Fibre
• Insoluble In Water • Water Soluble Or Can Be Made Water
• Need Binder For Fixation Onto Fibre by Soluble. Exception Disperse Dye
curing process (polymerization of binder • Held with fibre by steaming process by
or bonding) and form film. H2 or weak or covalent bond
• Print –dry –cure
• Binder film embedded film pigment color
strongly adhere to the fibre
• FIBRE DYE-FIBRE INTERACTIVE FORCES
Ink types
• Water based
• Oil based-highly volatile-no drying is needed
 CHOICE OF THICKENER

• Conventional thickener used for dye printing are not suitable

• They interact with binder and reduce its interaction with fibre. Thus affecting the fastness properties

Suitable thickeners
• Emulsion thickener -zero solid content thickener
• Synthetic thickener - very low solid content thickener

Emulsion thickener
• Obtained by emulsification of two immiscible liquids with the help of emulsifier
Two types
• Oil-in-water emulsion
• Water-in-oil emulsion
• Commonly used is oil-in-water
 PREPARATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION
OIL
• VERY SLOW ADDITION OF OIL in water Recipe
• Continuous high speed stirring Binder 100 parts
• Emulsifier: An emulsifier is an additive which helps two liquids mix by reducing surface Water 100-150 parts
energy between oil and water Emulsifier 20 parts
• The extent to which the hydrophilic or lipophilic character dominates is represented by the
Urea 20 parts
Cmc (4-6% paste) 10 parts
HLB value of the surfactant (HLB = Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance). A high HLB value (10 to 18) Kerosene oil750-800 parts
indicates a hydrophilic substance suitable for emulsifying fats or oils in water. Substances Mineral turpentine
with a low HLB (3 to 8) are lipophilic and suitable for water-in-oil emulsions.

• flammable- fire hazards

• Air pollution
• Fabric smells due to residual k.Oil - Not acceptable in export market- RECOVERY The
kerosene vapors are explosive in nature above 0.7% of concentration,thus, for safety reasons,
the machine drier exhaust is maintained within 0.5% kerosene vapor level.Therefore, the
recovery of this diluted vapor is a very difficult task.BTRAMETHODDevised a method for
recovery of kerosene vapours from the dryer by using water cooling system

• Urea: hygroscopic agent, minimize water evaporation in continuous phase

• CMC: protective colloid
SYNTHETIC THICKENER

CHEMICAL NATURE
• High mol.Wt. Copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid
• Have free COOH groups on polymeric chains which has role in viscosity build up
• Concentration for printable viscosity 1-2%
Mechanism of thickening
• Synthetic thickener in acid form
• Synthetic thickener in neutralized form
• Water soluble, swellable, high viscosity/ water insoluble form

Merits Demerits
Ionized COOH groups Electrolyte sensitivity
No air pollution Slightly dull prints and harsh fabric feel
No risk of fire and explosion Longer drying time
No special storage requirements
No fabric smell