Energy

Metabolism:
Unraveling the
Intricacies of
ATP/ADP, Citric
Acid Cycle, and
Glycogen Pathways
Welcome and overview
Welcome to today's presentation on the fascinating world of energy metabolism, where we will delve into the
intricacies of ATP/ADP, the Citric Acid Cycle, and the Glycogen pathways. These fundamental processes are the
backbone of cellular energy production and play a crucial role in sustaining life.

Let's embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of how cells harness and utilize energy, exploring the dynamic
interplay between molecules and pathways that power cellular activities. From the molecular dance of ATP and ADP to
the cyclic intricacies of the Citric Acid Cycle, and the orchestrated mechanisms of glycogen storage and utilization,
we'll traverse the landscape of bioenergetics.

Our aim is to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of these essential processes, shedding light on the
biochemical intricacies that underlie the vitality of every living cell. By the end of this presentation, we hope you will
gain insights into the connections between these pathways and appreciate their significance in maintaining cellular
function.

So, buckle up as we embark on this scientific journey, where we will explore the elegance and complexity of
ATP/ADP, the rhythmic dance of the Citric Acid Cycle, and the strategic storage and release of energy through
glycogen mechanisms. Thank you for joining us on this exciting exploration of cellular energy metabolism.
Importance of energy • Energy metabolism is the lifeblood of cellular processes,
serving as the driving force behind every activity within a cell.
metabolism in At its core, energy metabolism involves the conversion of
nutrients into usable energy, predominantly in the form of ATP
cellular processes (Adenosine Triphosphate). This energy currency powers
essential cellular functions, including DNA replication, protein
synthesis, and cellular transport. It enables cells to maintain
their structural integrity, respond to external stimuli, and carry
out the intricate processes of growth and division. Without
efficient energy metabolism, cells would be unable to fulfill
their basic functions, leading to a breakdown in cellular
homeostasis and, ultimately, compromising the viability of
living organisms. Understanding the importance of energy
metabolism is paramount not only for unraveling the mysteries
of life at the cellular level but also for addressing various
health-related challenges and advancing medical interventions.
Definitions of
ATP and ADP.
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a nucleotide that serves as the
primary energy currency in cells. It consists of three phosphate
groups, a ribose sugar, and the adenine base. The high-energy bonds
between the phosphate groups store and release energy during cellular
processes. ATP is synthesized during cellular respiration and
photosynthesis, and its hydrolysis provides the energy necessary for
various biochemical reactions within the cell.

• ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) is a related molecule that also plays a

crucial role in cellular energy transfer. ADP consists of two phosphate
groups, a ribose sugar, and the adenine base. When ATP is hydrolyzed,
releasing one phosphate group, it transforms into ADP, releasing
energy that can be utilized by the cell for various energy-dependent
processes. ADP can be further converted back into ATP through
cellular processes such as cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
 • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) serves as the primary energy
currency in cells, playing a pivotal role in energy transfer
and storage within biological systems. This molecule acts as
a universal carrier of chemical energy, facilitating the
transfer of energy from exergonic (energy-releasing)
reactions to endergonic (energy-absorbing) reactions within
the cell. Here are key aspects of ATP's role as an energy
currency:

Role of ATP as 1. Energy Storage: ATP stores and carries chemical energy in
the form of high-energy phosphate bonds. The energy-rich
bonds between its phosphate groups, especially the terminal

energy currency
phosphate, are capable of releasing energy when broken
through hydrolysis.

2. Energy Transfer: During cellular activities such as

metabolism, ATP undergoes hydrolysis to ADP (Adenosine

in cell Diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), releasing

energy. This released energy is then harnessed to power
various cellular processes, including muscle contraction,
active transport, and biosynthetic reactions.

3. Chemical Work: ATP provides the energy needed for the

synthesis of complex molecules, including proteins, nucleic
acids, and lipids. The energy released during ATP hydrolysis
drives the endergonic reactions required for building and
maintaining cellular structures.
Hydrolysis of ATP

ATP HYDROLYSIS IS A BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS WHERE ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)

IS BROKEN DOWN INTO ADP (ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE) AND INORGANIC PHOSPHATE
(PI). THIS HYDROLYSIS REACTION IS EXERGONIC, MEANING IT RELEASES ENERGY. THE
OVERALL REACTION CAN BE REPRESENTED AS FOLLOWS:

ATP + H2​O → ADP + PI + ENERGY

THE CATALYTIC ENZYME USED IN THIS REACTION IS ATPASES

It’s time for
Q&A
• If you have any questions related to this
topic pls ask. And always remember
every question asked by student is
important. There is no such thing like
silly questions.
 Thankyou

REPRESENTED AND ROLL- NO -2329062 STREAM- B.PHARMA COLLEGE- BABA

CREATED BY- RAGHAV 2ND SEMESTER FARID COLLEGE OF
SURI PHASRMACY