UMTS Resource Congestion and

Optimization

1
 Preface

 CE, Power, Channel Code, Iub Transmission call

admission contrl
 Optimization solutions for CE, Power, Channel
Code, Iub Transmission congestion

2
 Objective

The objectives of this training:

 CE, Power, Channel Code, IUB
Transmission admission control
algorithm

 Optimization solutions for resource

congestion

3
 Content

Chapter1 General

Chapter2 Resource Congestion and Optimization

Chapter3 Summary

4
 Challenge for Operator Maintenance
Difference Maintenance Scenarios
Routine Maintenance Holidays Major Events New Tariff Policy

Competitor New Service

……

Network Environment Change

Network Architecture Solution
Traffic Model Change ？
Change

Network Performance Fluctuations

Page 5
 Radio Network Resource Evaluation

Network Parameter
Resource Audit Optimization

Traffic Network Resource Capacity

Prediction Prediction Expansion

6
Service Access Control Procedure

7
Call Admission Control Procedure

8
 Call Congestion Signaling Procedure
Legend:

Possible block points

Possible failure points

UE NB RNC CN

Paging Type 1

#1, paging drops

Paging Type 1
[PCH]
#2, paging no response
RRC Conn Req
[RACH] #3, RRC req dropped

#4, RRC admission failed.

RL Setup Req.
RL Setup Rsp.
#5, RL setup failure
RRC Setup Cmd
[FACH] #6, RRC setup failure
RRC Setup Rsp.
[DCH]
<NAS DT messages>
[DCH] RAB Assignment Req

#7, RAB admission failed.

RL reconfig prepare

RL reconfig ready

RL reconfig commit

#8, RL reconfigure failure.

RB Setup
[DCH]
#9, RB setup failure

RB Setup complete
[New DCH] RAB Assignment Rsp

9
 Content

Chapter1 General

Chapter2 Resource Congestion and Optimization

Chapter3 Summary

10
Resource Congestion and Optimization

1 CE Admission and Optimization

2 Power Admission and Optimization

3 Code Admission and Optimization

4 IUB Admission and Optimization

灌溉行动

11
 CE Admission Control

New Services CE Admission Control

Current remaining credit resources are

RRC connection setup request
sufficient

Current remaining credit resources are

Handover services
sufficient

(Current remaining credit resources -

Other Services( new RAB,
UlHoCeResvSf or DlHoCeCodeResvSf
DCCC UP)
) are sufficient

CE Admission Control Switches:

• ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: NBMCacAlgoSwitch=CRD_ADCTRL-1; // Enable cell CE admission switch
• SET CACALGOSWITCH: CacSwitch=NODEB_CREDIT_CAC_SWITCH-1; // Enable NodeB CE admission switch

12
 CE Admission Control
The CE capabilities at the levels of local cell, local cell group, and NodeB
are reported to the RNC through the NBAP_AUDIT_RSP message over
the Iub interface.
CE Types CE capabilities Report from NodeB
Local Cell Hardware
Local Cell Group Min( license, hardware)
NodeB License
No license Default value UL/DL 16 CE
WBBP Board Model
WBBP HS-PDSCH
CELLS UL MAX CE DL MAX CE REMARK
MODEL CODES
WBBPb1 3 64 64 45 HSPA+ ,phase1
WBBPb2 3 128 128 45 HSPA+ ,phase1
WBBPb3 6 256 256 90 HSPA+ ,phase1
WBBPb4 6 384 384 90 HSPA+ ,phase1
WBBPd1 6 192 192 90 HSPA+, phase2
WBBPd2 6 384 384 90 HSPA+ ,phase2
WBBPd3 6 256 256 90 HSPA+ ,phase2
13
 CE Admission Control
Local cell group is corresponding to UL resource group and DL resource group
at NodeB
NodeB
UL Local Cell Group DL Local Cell Group (CE DL Local Cell Group (CE
(CE shared between WBB cannot share between WBBP) cannot share between WBBP)_
P） WBBP WBBP
WBBP WBBP WBBP WBBP

Performance first

Capacity first
cell1 cell1 cell1 cell3

cell2 cell2 cell2

cell3 cell3

SET RESALLOCRULE: RULE=PERFFIRST; // Handover performance first mode:

DL local cells of the same frequency are allocated to the same board
SET RESALLOCRULE: RULE=CAPAFIRST; // Capacity first mode: DL local cells of
same frequencies are allocated to different boards. 14
 CE Admission Control
RNC CE Calculation Rules:
1.For the DCH service, the RNC uses the MBR to calculate the number of consumed
CE.
 For AMR and VP,MBR is UL/DL MBR in RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
message from CN.
 For PS BE on DCH, MBR is decided by initial rate negotiation switches.

15
 CE Admission Control
RNC CE Calculation Rules:
2.Certain credits are reserved for HSDPA RAB, and credit admission for HSDPA is not
required.
3. For HSUPA RAB, the CE admission rate define as following:

HSUPA NodeB NodeB

DCCC Dynamic Report CE Admission Rate
Switch CE Dynamic CE
OFF OFF - MBR carried at RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
Max(one min RLC PDU bit rate, GBR) ， no
OFF ON Report relation with setting of RNC parameter
HsupaCeConsumeSelection
MBR or GBR will be used decided by RNC
OFF ON Not report
parameter HsupaCeConsumeSelection
Max(one min RLC PDU bit rate, GBR) ， no
ON ON Report relation with setting of RNC parameter
HsupaCeConsumeSelection
MBR or GBR will be used decided by RNC
ON ON Not report
parameter HsupaCeConsumeSelection
ON OFF - RNC parameter HsupaInitialRate 16
16
 CE Admission Control
RNC CE Congestion Counters:
After RNC V9R11 or V2R11 Version
• VS.RRC.Rej.UL.CE.Cong
• VS.RRC.Rej.DL.CE.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULCE.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCs.DLCE.Cong

Before RNC V9R11 or V2R11 Version

• VS.RRC.Rej.UL.CE.Cong ( RNC CE CAC Reject)
• VS.RRC.Rej.DL.CE.Cong ( RNC CE CAC Reject)
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULCE.Cong ( RNC CE CAC Reject)
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCs.DLCE.Cong ( RNC CE CAC Reject)
• VS.RRC.Rej.RL.Fail ( NodeB baseband hardware Reject)
• VS.RAB.FailEstPS.Unsp ( NodeB baseband hardware Reject)
17
 CE Admission Control

Step1 ： CE Audit

NodeB_UL_CE_MEAN_RATIO =
(VS.LC.ULMean.LicenseGroup + VS.LC.ULMean.LicenseGroup.Shared) /
(VS.LC.ULCreditAvailable.LicenseGroup.Dedicated + VS.LC.ULCreditAvailable.Shared )
NodeB_DL_CE_MEAN_RATIO =
(VS.LC.DLMean.LicenseGroup + VS.LC.DLMean.LicenseGroup.Shared) /
( VS.LC.DLCreditAvailable.LicenseGroup.Dedicated + VS.LC.DLCreditAvailable.Shared)

The difference of NodeB CE counters and RNC CE CAC:

• RNC performs CE CAC based on HSUPA user GBR, NodeB counts CE
based on HSUPA user real throughput.
• 1 UL CE = 2 UL Credit
• 1 DL CE = 1 DL Credit
18
 CE Congestion Optimization
Step2 ： If CE Mean Ratio is low and RNC happen CE congestion, the
following actions can be taken:

Confirm CE congestion triggered by NodeB or RNC

Check hardware CE capability of all baseband boards in NodeB

Check Uplink or Downlink resource group definition and cells

belonging to which group

Confirm whether is RNC or NodeB bug

The rule is all UL CE resource in one UL resource group can be shared, DL CE

resource in one baseband board can be shared, but DL CE resource can not be shared
between different boards. ( NodeB MML commannd: LST ULGROUP , LST
DLGROUP, DSP LOCELLRES). 19
 CE Congestion Optimization Case
Case: Downlink CE congestion happens when three cells share the
downlink baseband resource within a downlink baseband resource
group. 1840 1848 1849 RAB DL CE
congestion
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Problem: Downlink CE Congestion
Analysis: 1) Check DL CE license. DL CE license=400, UL CE license =384
2) There are two WBBPb2 baseband boards in this NodeB. Each board supports DL 128 CE.
3) Check DL CE consumption is only 40-50 at the highest traffic cell.
4) Check DL baseband resource group configuration. All three cells belong to the same DL
baseband resource group and set up at the same baseband board.
Solution: 1) define the other DL resource group, and adjust the highest traffic cell to another baseband
board. 2) Modify the allocation mode of NodeB resources at DL from handover performance first mode
20
to capacity first mode. (SET RESALLOCRULE: RULE=CAPAFIRST;)
 CE Congestion Optimization
Step3 ： If CE Mean Ratio is high and RNC happen CE congestion, the following solutions
can be taken ：
Solution1) Enable CE LDR

Note ： GOLD users need enable switch to take actions for LDR. (MOD UCELLLDR: GoldUserLoadControlSwitch=ON;)

CE LDR MML: add ucellalgoswitch / add unodebalgopara / set uldcalgopara 21

 CE Congestion Optimization
Solution2) Modify initial bit rate of DCH/HSUPA service / DCCC rate
threshold / low activity bit rate from 64kbps to 32kbps
For DCH service:
SET UFRC: UlBeTraffInitBitrate=D32, DlBeTraffInitBitrate=D32; //DCH initial bit rate
SET UDCCC: UlDcccRateThd=D32, DlDcccRateThd=D32, LittleRateThd=D32; //DCH DCCC rate threshold and low
activity bit rate

For HSUPA service:

SET UFRC: HsupaInitialRate=D32; //HSUPA initial bit rate
SET UEDCHRATEADJUSTSET: EdchRateAdjustSet=RATE_32KBPS-1&RATE_128KBPS-1&RATE_608KBPS-1;
//HSUPA DCCC rate threshold

Solution3) Modify DCH/HSPA INTERACTIVE and BACKGROUND

service GBR from 64kbps to 32kbps

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=SILVER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=COPPER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=SILVER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=COPPER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

22
 UL CE Congestion Optimization Case
Case: UL DCCC rate threshold and GBR for PS R99 services are modified from
64kbps to 32kbps in order to save UL CE and relieve UL CE congestion

Problem: UL CE congestion in some cells

Solution: Modify ULDCCC rate threshold
and GBR from 64kbps to 32kbps
Result: the total PS 64K users reduce, and PS
32K users increase, the UL CE consumption
reduces from 7650 to 6583.
Note: UL PS64K - 3CE, 32K - 1.5CE, 128K- 5CE,
384K-10CE

Why PS 64K users still exist? 23

 CE Congestion Optimization
Solution4) Modify DCH / HSUPA DCCC 4A threshold, and limit user rate
upgrade
For DCH BE service, 4A threshold default value is 1K for each rate. It need do the test to confirm what is the appropriate
4A value in order to limit rate upgrade. For example,
MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC: RabIndex=43, Direction=UPLINK, Event4aThd=D2K; // Assume 43 is the index of interactive
service 32kbps, 4A threshold is modified to 2K
MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC: RabIndex=45, Direction=UPLINK, Event4aThd=D6K; // Assume 45 is the index of interactive
service 128kbps, 4A threshold is modified to 6K

For HSUPA BE service, it can modify HSUPA DCCC threshold rate ratio to higher value for different rate, for example,
SET UEDCHTHDRATERATIO: RatioForRate128=100; //Modify 128kbps DCCC rate ratio to 100 ％

Solution5) Enable PS BE/HSDPA/HSUPA state transition

SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: DraSwitch=DRA_HSDPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-

1&DRA_HSUPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-1&DRA_PS_BE_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-1;

Solution6) Enable the TTI dynamic adjustment algorithm for admission CE-
based HSUPA services
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH: DraSwitch=DRA_BASE_ADM_CE_BE_TTI_RECFG_SWITCH-1; //TTI Switch
ADD UCELLLDR: CellId=11111, UlTtiCreditSfResThd=SF8; // TTI Reconfigure cell threshold
ADD UNODEBLDR: NodeBName="aaaa", UlTtiCreditSfResThd=SF8; // TTI Reconfigure NodeB threshold
24
 CE Congestion Optimization
HSUPA TTI dynamic reconfiguration algorithm
 In call setup procedure
 If the spare CE resource is smaller than UlTtiCreditSfResThd in CE
admission, the 2ms TTI HSUPA users will be mapped onto 10ms TTI radio
bearer.
 After call setup
 If the spare CE resource is smaller than UlTtiCreditSfResThd in CE
admission, and the user’s average data rate is smaller than one threshold
(e.g., 800kbps), the 2ms TTI HSUPA users will be reconfigured to 10ms
TTI.
 If the spare CE resource is larger than UlTtiCreditSfResThd in CE
admission, and the user’s average data rate is larger than one threshold (e.g.,
1200kbps), the 10ms TTI HSUPA users will be reconfigured to 2ms TTI.

25
Resource Congestion and Optimization

1 CE Admission and Optimization

2 Power Admission and Optimization

3 Code Admission and Optimization

4 IUB Admission and Optimization

26
 Power Call Admission Control
New Services CAC Based on Power Resource
Emergency call, detach, or
Direct admission
registration RRC request
Other reasons RRC request UL or DL OLC trigger threshold
Intra-frequency handover request Only set by the NBMDlCacAlgoSelSwitch
Non-intra-frequency handover Set by the NBMUlCacAlgoSelSwitch or
request NBMDlCacAlgoSelSwitch
Rate downsizing request Direct admission
Set by the NBMUlCacAlgoSelSwitch or
Rate upsizing request
NBMDlCacAlgoSelSwitch
Set by the NBMUlCacAlgoSelSwitch or
New service RAB
NBMDlCacAlgoSelSwitch
1) Cell specified MaxHsdpaUserNum
2) NodeB specified NodeBHsdpaMaxUserNum
HSDPA and HSUPA service
3) HSDPA users license
4) HSUPA users license
CAC switches based on Power Resource:
• ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: CellId=1111, NBMUlCacAlgoSelSwitch=ALGORITHM_SECOND, NBMDlCacAlgoSelSwitch=ALGORITHM_FIRST;
//UL and DL power CAC switches
• ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: CellId=1111, NBMCacAlgoSwitch=HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL-0&HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL-0&HSDPA_GBP_MEAS-
0&HSDPA_PBR_MEAS-0&HSUPA_PBR_MEAS-0&HSUPA_EDCH_RSEPS_MEAS-0; //HSDPA and HSUPA power CAC switches
27
 Power Call Admission Control
Power CAC algorithms: (NBMUlCacAlgoSelSwitch and NBMDlCacAlgoSelSwitch)

ALGORITHM_FIRST Uplink RTWP and Downlink power

ALGORITHM_SECOND Equivalent user number

ALGORITHM_THIRD No load increment upon admission

of a new service

When Uplink OLC function switch (UL_UU_OLC) is enabled, the UL OLC state
triggered by the RTWP:
 Control RTWP Anti-interference function switch is ON,
1)uplink equivalent user load proportion < 40%, continue CAC procedure
2)uplink equivalent user load proportion >= 40%, directly reject

 Control RTWP Anti-interference function switch is OFF, directly reject

ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: CellId=11111, NBMCacAlgoSwitch=RTWP_RESIST_DISTURB-1,

NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=UL_UU_OLC-1; //RAN12 version 28
ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: CellId=0, RsvdPara1=RsvdBit1-1, NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=UL_UU_OLC-1; //RAN11 version
 Power Congestion Optimization

RNC UL/DL Power Congestion counters ：

1.RAN12 version and after RAN12 version
•VS.RRC.Rej.ULPower.Cong

• VS.RRC.Rej.DLPower.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULPower.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLPower.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULPower.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLPower.Cong
2.Before RAN12 version
• VS.RAB.FailEstCs.Power.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstPs.Power.Cong
• VS.RRC.Rej.Power.Cong

29
 Power Congestion Optimization

Step1 ： UL power congestion or DL power congestion?

1) For RAN 12 version, know UL or DL power congestion from counters
2) For before RAN12 version, check UL and DL CAC switch ，
 If both are ON, check DL power utilization
 If VS.MeanTCP.NonHS / cell total power is larger than DL power
CAC threshold, DL power congestion happens;
 otherwise, UL power congestion happens
 Otherwise, power congestion is decided by which CAC switch is ON
 Or Check RNC CHR log

30
 Power Congestion Optimization
Step2 ： How to optimize UL power congestion?
Scenario 1: UL_UU_OLC is ON, Check RTWP whether is higher than UL OLC
threshold
Solution1) Modify UL OLC threshold from 95% to 99%

ADD UCELLLDM: CellId=1111, UlOlcTrigThd=99, UlOlcRelThd=89;

Solution2) Switch OFF UL_UU_OLC

Solution3) Reduce the interference

31
 Power Congestion Optimization Case
Case ： Many RRC power congestion occur after UL OLC Switch is Enable
Problem ： In order to improve RRC success rate, UL / DL LDR and UL / DL OLC are enable.
After above switches enable, many RRC power congestion occur, RRC success rate is less than 10%.

Analysis ： 1) Check DL power, DL power consumption is stable before and after switches enable. So
DL power is not the limitation.

2) Check UL power CAC switch is OFF, NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH=ALGORITHM_OFF.

But uplink OLC function switch (UL_UU_OLC) is enabled, RRC REQUEST will be rejected if the
cell is in the OLC state triggered by the RTWP.

3) Background noise =-106dBm

UL OLC trigger threshold = 95%
When RTWP > -93dBm, UL OLC happens

Solution: Switch off UL OLC, RRC success rate

recovery

32
 Power Congestion Optimization

Step2 ： How to optimize UL power congestion?

Scenario 2: UL_UU_OLC is OFF, UL CAC is ALGORITHM_SECOND

Solution1) Modify UL total equivalent user number from 80 to 120 ~ 200

ADD UCELLCAC: UlTotalEqUserNum=120;

Solution2) Modify the UL HSUPA (background and interactive ) GBR from

64K to 32K

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=SILVER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=COPPER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

33
 Power Congestion Optimization
Solution3) Modify UL DCH/HSUPA initial rate / DCCC bitrate threshold /
low activity rate from 64kbps to32kbps

For DCH service:

SET UFRC: UlBeTraffInitBitrate=D32; //DCH UL initial rate
SET UDCCC: UlDcccRateThd=D32, LittleRateThd=D32; //DCH DCCC threshold and low activity rate
For HSUPA service
SET UFRC: HsupaInitialRate=D32; //HSUPA initial rate
SET UEDCHRATEADJUSTSET: EdchRateAdjustSet=RATE_32KBPS-1&RATE_128KBPS-1&RATE_608KBPS-1;
//HSUPA DCCC rate adjust set

Solution4) Modify the UL DCH (background and interactive ) GBR from 64K
to 32K

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=SILVER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=COPPER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

34
 Power Congestion Optimization

Solution5) Enable UL power LDR

ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=UL_UU_LDR-1;

Solution6) Modify all UL CAC thresholds to increase 5%

ADD UCELLCAC: UlNonCtrlThdForAMR=80, UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR=80, UlNonCtrlThdForOther=65,

UlNonCtrlThdForHo=85, UlCellTotalThd=88;

Notes: Following restriction must be satisfied:

- 1)[UL OLC trigger threshold] >= [UL total power threshold] > [UL handover access threshold] >
[UL threshold of Conv AMR service], [UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service] > [UL threshold
of other services];
- 2)MAX(UL handover access threshold,UL threshold of Conv AMR service,UL threshold of
Conv non_AMR service,UL threshold of other services) > [UL LDR trigger threshold] > [UL LDR
release threshold];
35
 Power Congestion Optimization

Solution7) Change the channel type for INTERRAT cell reselection / cell
change order / registration RRC establishment from DCH to FACH

SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=INTERRATCELLRESELEST, SigChType=FACH;

SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST, SigChType=FACH;
SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=REGISTEST, SigChType=FACH;

Solution8) Change SHO 1B threshold from 6dB to 5dB, 1B trigger timer from
2560ms or 1280ms to 640ms in order to reduce the SHO ratio

SET UINTRAFREQHO: IntraRelThdFor1BCSVP=10, IntraRelThdFor1BCSNVP=10, IntraRelThdFor1BPS=10,

TrigTime1B=D640;

36
 Case: UL RRC Power Congestion Optimization

Many UL RRC power

congestion

RNC3211 BHBC60000
CellId: 48001

Traffic Module(17:30)
VS.RAB.AttEstabCS.Conv=292
VS.RAB.AttEstabPS.Int=1857

CS: PS = 1: 6

Red line : RRC Connection Success Rate

Green line: RRC Connection Request Attempts
Blue line: RRC Power Congestion times
Pink line: RRC Connection Success times

37
 Case: UL RRC Power Congestion Optimization

 All the RRC connection setup request of emergency call, detach, or registration can be directly admitted without UL power
admission control.
 For other reasons, when UL power-based admission is based on the ENU(Equivalent Number of User, algorithm 2), the UL
OLC trigger threshold (ULOLCTRIGTHD=95) is used for power-based admission.
 RNC admits the RRC Request when the following condition is met:
 (ENU_ultotal + ENU_ulnew) / ENU_ulmax <= THD_rrc
 Here:
 ENU_ultotal is the total uplink ENU of all existing users.
 ENU_ulnew is the uplink ENU of new incoming user.
 ENU_ulmax is the threshold of total ENU which can be configured through UlTotalEqUserNum
 THD_rrc is the cell uplink RRC admission threshold(ULOLCTRIGTHD).
38
 Case: UL RRC Power Congestion Optimization

 UL equivalent number is high during the busy hours .

 When UL equivalent number is higher than the CAC threshold(95*95%=90), RRC will be rejected due to UL power
congestion.
 The total max uplink EMU should be between Total MAX ENU(2ms) and Total MAX ENU(10ms) .
 Total MAX ENU(2ms) is the total uplink ENU of AMR,PSR99 and HSUPA. Supposes all CAT6 HSUPA UEs
are 2ms, the max UL ENU of HSUPA is VS.HSUPA.UE.Max.CAT6 * 5.9806.
 Total MAX ENU(10ms) is the total uplink ENU of AMR,PSR99 and HSUPA. Supposes all HSUPA UEs are
10ms, the max UL ENU of HSUPA is VS.HSUPA.UE.Max.Cell * 3.2625.
Page 39 39
 Case: UL RRC Power Congestion Optimization

 The main reason of UL power congestion is too many HSUPA users exist and UL
equivalent user number is higher than the CAC threshold.
 The average HSUPA throughput is low and the system has space to admit more UL
users, it is safe to adjust the HSUPA GBR from 64K to 32K and increase the CAC 40
threshold of Equivalent user number.
 Power Congestion Optimization
Step3 ： How to optimize DL power congestion?
DL power congestion usually happen at R99 Service because HSPA power CAC is OFF

Solution1) Enable DL power LDR

ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=DL_UU_LDR-1;

41
 Power Congestion Optimization

Solution2) Modify all DL power CAC threshold to increase 5%

MOD UCELLCAC: DlConvAMRThd=85, DlConvNonAMRThd=85, DlOtherThd=80, DlHOThd=90, DlCellTotalThd=95;

Solution3) Enable RNC-Oriented QoS Enhancement Algorithm

SET UQOSACT: BEQosPerform=YES, AMRQosPerform=YES, VPQosPerform=YES, BeDlAct1=InterFreqHO,

BeDlAct2=RateDegrade, BeDlAct3=InterRatHO, DlQosAmrInterFreqHoSwitch=YES, DlQosAmrInterRatHoSwitch=YES,
DlQosVpInterFreqHoSwitch=YES;

Solution4) Limit service DL Max power or limit PCPICH power,

For example, PS 384kbps default Max DL power is 4dB relative to pilot
power, Max DL power can be limited to 2dB.

MOD UCELLRLPWR: CNDomainId=PS_DOMAIN, MaxBitRate=384000, RlMaxDlPwr=20;

MOD UCELL: PCPICHPower=320;

42
 Power Congestion Optimization
Solution5) Modify DCH DL initial access rate / DCCC downlink bit rate
threshold /low activity bit rate threshold from 64kbps to 32kbps

SET UFRC: DlBeTraffInitBitrate=D32;

SET UDCCC: DlDcccRateThd=D32, LittleRateThd=D32;

Solution6) Modify DCH DL DCCC 4A threshold to higher value, the default

value is 1K byte

For example, DCCC 4A threshold from 1K to 2K for DL 32kbps, and from 1K to 6K for DL 128kbps
MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC: RabIndex=43, Direction= DOWNLINK, Event4aThd=D2K;
MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC: RabIndex=45, Direction= DOWNLINK, Event4aThd=D6K;

Solution7) Modify DL BE traffic threshold on HSDPA from other values to

8kbps

SET UFRCCHLTYPEPARA: DlBeTraffThsOnHsdpa=D8;

43
 Power Congestion Optimization

Solution8) Modify the DL DCH (background and interactive ) GBR from 64K
to 32K to save power

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=SILVER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=COPPER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

Solution9) Change the channel type for INTERRAT cell reselection / cell
change order / registration RRC establishment from DCH to FACH
SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=INTERRATCELLRESELEST, SigChType=FACH;
SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST, SigChType=FACH;
SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=REGISTEST, SigChType=FACH;

Solution10) Change SHO 1B threshold from 6dB to 5dB, 1B trigger timer

from 2560ms or 1280ms to 640ms in order to reduce the SHO ratio

SET UINTRAFREQHO: IntraRelThdFor1BCSVP=10, IntraRelThdFor1BCSNVP=10, IntraRelThdFor1BPS=10,

TrigTime1B=D640;

44
Resource Congestion and Optimization

1 CE Admission and Optimization

2 Power Admission and Optimization

3 Code Admission and Optimization

4 IUB Admission and Optimization

45
 Code Call Admission Control
Code resource-based admission is implemented as follows:

New Services Code Admission Control

Current remaining code resource is

RRC connection setup request
sufficient

Current remaining code resource is

Handover services
sufficient

Other services ( new RAB, (Current remaining code resource -

DCCC UP) DlHoCeCodeResvSf ) is sufficient

Reserved codes are shared by all

HSDPA services HSDPA services, code resource-based
admission is not required

Code resource-based admission switch:

When a new service attempts to access the network, code resource-based admission is
mandatory. So switch setting is not necessary. 46
 Code Congestion Optimization

RNC Code Congestion counters ：

• VS.RRC.Rej.Code.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Code.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Code.Cong

47
 Code Congestion Optimization

Solution1) Reduce HS-PDSCH code number ( Manual allocation mode) or

HS-PDSCH min code number ( Automatic allocation mode), if NodeB-
controled dynamic code allocation is ON

For example, HS-PDSCH min code number is modified from 5 to 1:

ADD UCELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Automatic, HsPdschMinCodeNum=1;
HS-PDSCH code number is modified from 5 to 1:
ADD UCELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Manual, HsPdschCodeNum=1;
SET MACHSPARA: DYNCODESW=OPEN; //NodeB-controled dynamic code allocation switch

Solution2) Reduce HS-SCCH code number

For example, HS-SCCH code number is modified from 4 to 2:

ADD UCELLHSDPA: HsScchCodeNum=2;

48
 Code Congestion Optimization

RNC-Controlled Static Code Allocation

RNC-Controlled Dynamic Code Allocation

NodeB-Controlled Dynamic Code Allocation

49
 Code Congestion Optimization

Solution3) Enable Code LDR

ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH: NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=CELL_CODE_LDR-1;

50
 Code Congestion Optimization

Solution4) Modify DCH DL initial access rate / DCCC downlink bit rate
threshold /low activity bit rate threshold from 64kbps to 32kbps

SET UFRC: DlBeTraffInitBitrate=D32;

SET UDCCC: DlDcccRateThd=D32, LittleRateThd=D32;

Solution5) Modify DCH DL DCCC 4A threshold to higher value, the default

value is 1K byte

For example, DCCC 4A threshold from 1K to 2K for DL 32kbps, and from 1K to 6K for DL 128kbps
MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC: RabIndex=43, Direction= DOWNLINK, Event4aThd=D2K;
MOD UTYPRABDCCCMC: RabIndex=45, Direction= DOWNLINK, Event4aThd=D6K;

Solution6) Modify DL BE traffic threshold on HSDPA from other values to

8kbps

SET UFRCCHLTYPEPARA: DlBeTraffThsOnHsdpa=D8;

51
 Code Congestion Optimization

Solution7) Modify the DL DCH (background and interactive ) GBR from 64K
to 32K

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=SILVER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=COPPER, UlGBR=D32, DlGBR=D32;

Solution8) Change the channel type for INTERRAT cell reselection / cell
changge order / registration RRC establishment from DCH to FACH

SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=INTERRATCELLRESELEST, SigChType=FACH;

SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST, SigChType=FACH;
SET URRCESTCAUSE: RrcCause=REGISTEST, SigChType=FACH;

52
 Code Congestion Optimization Case

Case 1: Code congests because of Wrong HS-PDSCH code number configuration

Problem: RRC code congestions happen at cell 8070 and cell 8072
Analysis: 1) this site is a green-field site, only few user appear in both cells.
2) it still happen RRC failure when RSCP>-80dBm and Ec/Io>-7dB, the
failure cause is code congestion.
3) Check HS-PDSCH code allocation, HS-PDSCH code is 15.
ADD CELLHSDPA:CELLID=8070, ALLOCCODEMODE=MANUAL, HSPDSCHCODENUM=15,
HSSCCHCODENUM=4, HSPAPOWER=0, HSPDSCHMPOCONSTENUM=2.5;
ADD CELLHSDPA:CELLID=8072, ALLOCCODEMODE=MANUAL, HSPDSCHCODENUM=15,
HSSCCHCODENUM=4, HSPAPOWER=0, HSPDSCHMPOCONSTENUM=2.5;

Solution: Change HS-PDSCH code number to 5 code

53
Resource Congestion and Optimization

1 CE Admission and Optimization

2 Power Admission and Optimization

3 Code Admission and Optimization

4 IUB Admission and Optimization

54
 Iub Transmission Call Admission Control

Three levels Iub

CAC:
 ATM path
 LP
 Physical bandwidth

LP: Logic Port

55
 Iub Transmission Call Admission Control

Three levels Iub

CAC:
 IP path
 LP
 Physical bandwidth

LP: Logic Port

56
Iub Transmission Call Admission Control

57
 Iub Transmission Call Admission Control
Iub transmission admission strategy is implemented as follows:
• For a new user
− Admission based on paths
Path load + Bandwidth required by the user < Total configured bandwidth for the
path - Path bandwidth reserved for handover.
− Admission based on LPs
LP load + Bandwidth required by the user < Total bandwidth for the LP - LP
bandwidth reserved for handover.
• For a handover user
− Admission based on paths
Path load + Bandwidth required by the user < Total bandwidth for the path.
− Admission based on LPs
LP load + Bandwidth required by the user < Total bandwidth for the LP.
• For a user requesting a rate increase
− Admission based on paths
Path load + Bandwidth required by the user < Total bandwidth for the path - Path
congestion threshold.
− Admission based on LPs
LP load + Bandwidth required by the user < Total bandwidth for the LP - LP
congestion threshold. 58
 Iub Transmission Call Admission Control

The bandwidth reservation policies for different services are as follows:

Service Bandwidth Reservation

3G RT services MBR * Activity factor
3G NRT services GBR * Activity factor
SRB 3.4kbit/s
IMS GBR
E-FACH GBR * Activity factor
Other common channels MBR * Activity factor

59
 Iub Transmission Call Admission Control
ATM/IP transmission related parameters and MML commands:

ADD TRMFACTOR: FTI=10; // signaling, common channel, service active factor table

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=BACKGROUND, BearType=R99, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D64, DlGBR=D64; // for example,

R99 gold background service guaranteed bit rate

ADD ADJMAP: ITFT=IUB, TMIGLD=10, TMISLV=11, TMIBRZ=12, FTI=10; // adjacent node mapping

ADD TRMLOADTH: TRMLOADTHINDEX=1, TRANST=ATM, THTYPE=BANDWIDTH, FWDRSVHOBW=0, BWDRSVHOBW=0,

FWDCONGBW=0, BWDCONGBW=0, FWDCONGCLRBW=0, BWDCONGCLRBW=0, FWDOVLDRSVBW=0,
BWDOVLDRSVBW=0, FWDOVLDCLRRSVBW=0, BWDOVLDCLRRSVBW=0; //define transmission load index

ADD AAL2PATH: PATHID=1, TRMLOADTHINDEX=1, AAL2PATHT=R99; //aal2path mapping transmission load index

ADD ATMLOGICPORT: LPNTYPE=Leaf, BT=UOIa, CARRYT=ATMLOGICPORT, FLOWCTRLSWITCH=ON,

TRMLOADTHINDEX=1; //ATM logic port mapping transmission load index

ADD IPPATH: PATHID=1, ITFT=IUB, TRANST=IP, CARRYFLAG=NULL, TRMLOADTHINDEX=2; //IPPath mapping

transmission load index

ADD IPLOGICPORT: BT=FG2a, CARRYT=ETHER, FLOWCTRLSWITCH=ON, TRMLOADTHINDEX=2; //IP logic port mapping
transmission load index

60
 Iub Transmission Congestion Optimization

RNC Iub Transmission Congestion Counters ：

• VS.RRC.Rej.ULIUBBand.Cong
• VS.RRC.Rej.DLIUBBand.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLIUBBand.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLIUBBand.Cong
• VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong

61
 Iub Transmission Congestion Optimization

Solution1) Modify PS R99 / HSDPA / HSUPA interactive and background

service active factor from 100% to 70%~30% ( for some special NodeBs)

ADD TRMFACTOR: FTI=11, PSINTERDL=50, PSINTERUL=50, PSBKGDL=50, PSBKGUL=50, HDINTERDL=50,

HDBKGDL=50, HUINTERUL=50, HUBKGUL=50; // define new PS interactive and background services active factor index
ADD ADJMAP: ANI=1111, ITFT=IUB, FTI=11; // adjacent node uses the new index

Solution2) Modify PS R99 / HSDPA / HSUPA interactive and background

service GBR from 64kbps to 32kbps ( for all NodeBs)

SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=INTERACTIVE, THPClass=High, BearType=R99, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32,

DlGBR=D32; // modify GBR of R99 interactive gold user
SET UUSERGBR: TrafficClass=INTERACTIVE, THPClass=High, BearType=HSPA, UserPriority=GOLD, UlGBR=D32,
DlGBR=D32; // modify GBR of HSPA interactive gold user

62
 Iub Transmission Congestion Optimization

Solution3) Enable Iub transmission LDR ( not recommend)

The policies of congestion detection for the port are as follows:

Congestion occurs on the port when AVE - USED ≤ CON.
Congestion is cleared from the port when AVE - USED > CLEAR.

ADD UNODEBALGOPARA: NodeBLdcAlgoSwitch=IUB_LDR-1; // enable Iub LDR

ADD TRMLOADTH: TRMLOADTHINDEX=1, TRANST=ATM, THTYPE=BANDWIDTH, FWDCONGBW=200,
BWDCONGBW=200, FWDCONGCLRBW=100, BWDCONGCLRBW=100; // Iub LDR Congestion threshold and Congestion
63
clear threshold
 Iub Transmission Congestion Optimization
What can we do for Iub user plane congestion and packet loss after
modify service active factor or GBR?
The following algorithm can be taken to avoid congestion and packet loss:

64
 Iub Transmission Congestion Optimization Case
Case: Iub transmission congestion increase too much after swap at W
Problem:
project RRC / RAB / SHO / F2D Iub transmission congestion increase too much after
09/08/2010 at three cells, but there is no congestion before swap.
Solution: PS R99 / HSDPA / HSUPA interactive and background active factor are
modified from 100% to 50% at 09/10/2010, most of congestions disappear.

VS.RAB.Fail VS.RAB.Fail VS.RAB.Fail VS.RAB.Fail

VS.RRC.Rej. VS.RRC.Rej. VS.RAC.SHO VS.RAC.SHO VS.RAC.TrC VS.RAC.TrC
Time(As Estab.CS.DLI Estab.CS.ULI Estab.PS.DLI Estab.PS.ULI
CellName ULIUBBandC DLIUBBandC
UBBand.Con UBBand.Con UBBand.Con UBBand.Con
.Fail.ULIub.C .Fail.DLIub.C hSwitch.Fail. hSwitch.Fail.
day) ong ong ong ong ULIub.Cong DLIub.Cong
g g g g

AQ030V1 2010-09-08 2 18 8 2 50 16 2179 738 2222 9569

AQ030V1 2010-09-09 0 2 6 1 12 0 316 265 192 2809
AQ030V1 2010-09-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V1 2010-09-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V1 2010-09-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V1 2010-09-13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V2 2010-09-08 3 6 4 0 35 16 436 131 1516 5513
AQ030V2 2010-09-09 0 3 3 0 14 8 63 10 133 1237
AQ030V2 2010-09-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V2 2010-09-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V2 2010-09-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ030V2 2010-09-13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ081U2 2010-09-08 0 9 25 0 2 0 26 213 0 2
AQ081U2 2010-09-09 4 10 26 7 4 0 191 416 106 160
AQ081U2 2010-09-10 0 3 16 4 0 0 29 127 0 21
AQ081U2 2010-09-11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ081U2 2010-09-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AQ081U2 2010-09-13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
65
 Iub Transmission Congestion Optimization Case
Case: Iub transmission congestion increase too much after swap at W
project
After modify PS active factor from 100% to 50%, RRC accessibility / CS accessibility / PS
accessibility improve.

KPI WIND KPI WIND IRAT

Time(As KPI WIND CS KPI WIND RRC KPI WIND CS KPI WIND PS KPI WIND 3G
CellName PS_Accessibility Handover
day) Accessibility Accessibility Drop Drop Speech Traffic
(R99 AND HSDPA) Success Rate
AQ030V1 2010-09-08 90,01% 97,71% 97,53% 2,56% 1,66% 100% 0,0903
AQ030V1 2010-09-09 95,04% 99,40% 99,32% 0% 0,55% 96,59% 0,0688
AQ030V1 2010-09-10 98,90% 99,82% 99,72% 1,25% 0,52% 100% 0,0403
AQ030V1 2010-09-11 100% 99,86% 99,84% 0% 0,44% 100% 0,0219
AQ030V1 2010-09-12 100% 99,60% 99,70% 5,41% 0,47% 92% 0,0156
AQ030V1 2010-09-13 100% 99,51% 99,54% 0% 0,29% 100% 0,0340
AQ030V2 2010-09-08 90,63% 97,14% 98,41% 5,19% 4,18% 97,62% 0,0406
AQ030V2 2010-09-09 90,14% 98,65% 99,24% 1,19% 0,73% 97,62% 0,0446
AQ030V2 2010-09-10 100% 99,73% 99,63% 0% 2% 96,67% 0,0361
AQ030V2 2010-09-11 100% 99,78% 99,42% 0% 1,32% 100% 0,0146
AQ030V2 2010-09-12 100% 99,64% 99,55% 0% 1,23% 100% 0,0142
AQ030V2 2010-09-13 100% 99,77% 99,91% 0% 0,86% 100% 0,0260
AQ081U2 2010-09-08 97% 95,87% 99,11% 0,09% 1,80% 98,50% 2,3358
AQ081U2 2010-09-09 97,92% 99,15% 99,72% 0,19% 1,78% 99,69% 2,3069
AQ081U2 2010-09-10 98,85% 100% 99,81% 0,12% 0,28% 99,56% 2,8816
AQ081U2 2010-09-11 99,80% 100% 99,82% 0% 0,30% 100% 2,7483
AQ081U2 2010-09-12 99,83% 99,24% 99,93% 0,06% 0,54% 100% 2,1823
AQ081U2 2010-09-13 99,92% 100% 99,92% 0% 0,88% 98,80% 2,9215

66
 Content

Chapter1 General

Chapter2 Resource Congestion and Optimization

Chapter3 Summary

67
 Summary
Congestion Solutions
Check CE congestion happen at NodeB or RNC

CE Congestion Check hardware CE capability of all baseband boards in

(low CE NodeB
Utilization) Check UL resource group and DL resource group
Check whether is NodeB or RNC bug

Congestion Solutions
Enable CELL / CELL GROUP / NodeB CE LDR
Modify initial bit rate of DCH/HSUPA service / DCCC rate
threshold / low activity bit rate from 64kbps to 32kbps
Modify DCH/HSPA INTERACTIVE and BACKGROUND
CE Congestion service GBR from 64kbps to 32kbps
(high CE
Modify DCH / HSUPA DCCC 4A threshold, and limit user
Utilization)
rate upgrade.
Enalbe PS BE/HSDPA/HSUPA state transition
Enable the TTI dynamic adjustment algorithm for admission
CE-based HSUPA services.
68
 Summary
Congestion Solutions
Modify UL OLC threshold from 95% to 99%
Power Congestion Switch off UL_UU_OLC
(UL_UU_OLC is ON)
Reduce the interference

Congestion Solutions
Modify UL total equivalent user number from 95 to 120 ~ 200
Modify the UL HSUPA (background and interactive ) GBR from 64K
to 32K
Modify UL DCH/HSUPA initial rate / DCCC bit rate threshold / low
activity rate from 64kbps to32kbps
Power Congestion Modify the UL DCH (background and interactive ) GBR from 64K to
(Uplink, Equivalent 32K.
user number) Enable UL power LDR
Modify all UL CAC thresholds to increase 5%
Change the channel type for INTERRAT cell reselection / cell change
order / registration RRC establishment from DCH to FACH
Change SHO 1B threshold from 6dB to 5dB, 1B trigger timer from 69
2560ms or 1280ms to 640ms in order to reduce the SHO ratio
 Summary
Congestion Solutions
Enable DL power LDR
Modify all DL power CAC threshold to increase 5%
Enable RNC-Oriented QoS Enhancement Algorithm
Limit service DL Max power or limit PCPICH power
Modify DCH DL initial access rate / DCCC downlink bit rate
threshold /low activity bit rate threshold from 64kbps to
32kbps
Modify DCH DL DCCC 4A threshold to higher value
Power Congestion
(downlink, power) Modify DL BE traffic threshold on HSDPA from other values
to 8kbps
Modify the DL DCH (background and interactive ) GBR from
64K to 32K to save power
Change the channel type for INTERRAT cell reselection / cell
change order / registration RRC establishment from DCH to
FACH
Change SHO 1B threshold from 6dB to 5dB, 1B trigger timer
from 2560ms or 1280ms to 640ms in order to reduce the SHO
ratio 70
 Summary
Congestion Solutions
Reduce HS-PDSCH code number ( Manual allocation mode) or
HS-PDSCH min code number ( Automatic allocation mode), if
NodeB-controlled dynamic code allocation is ON
Reduce HS-SCCH code number
Enable Code LDR
Modify DCH DL initial access rate / DCCC downlink bit rate
threshold /low activity bit rate threshold from 64kbps to
32kbps
Code Congestion
Modify DCH DL DCCC 4A threshold to higher value
Modify DL BE traffic threshold on HSDPA from other values
to 8kbps
Modify the DL DCH (background and interactive ) GBR from
64K to 32K to save code
Change the channel type for INTERRAT cell reselection / cell
change order / registration RRC establishment from DCH to
FACH

71
 Summary

Congestion Solutions
Modify PS R99 / HSDPA / HSUPA interactive and background
service active factor from 100% to 70%~30% ( for some
special NodeBs)
Iub Transmission
Congestion Modify PS R99 / HSDPA / HSUPA interactive and background
service GBR from 64kbps to 32kbps ( for all NodeBs)
Enable Iub transmission LDR ( not recommend)

72
 Summary

Questions:
 What is the implementation of resource
admission algorithm ？
 How to optimize resource congestion ？

73
74