At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Describe well-defined sets.

2. Identify the elements, the cardinality of a set and
the methods in writing a set.
3. Appreciate the importance of sets.
 DISCOVER ME!
Consider the set consisting of whole numbers from 0 to
5. Let W be the name of the set.
You can write them in the following methods:
1 W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} listing or roster method
description
2 W = {whole numbers from 0 to method or
statement /
5} semantic form
3 W = {x|x is a whole number from 0 to
5} W = {x:x is a whole number from 0
Read as: x such that rule method or set-builder
to 5}
x notation
 DISCOVER ME!
elements - the objects that belong to the set.
- symbol: “∈”, indicate that an object is
an element or member of the set.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What are the elements of set 0,1,2,3,4 and
W? 5
0 ∈ W (0 is an element of set
W)
1 ∈ W (1 is an element of set
 DISCOVER ME!
cardinality - The order of a set defines the number
of elements a set is having. It
describes the size of a set.

W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
How many elements are there in set 6
W?
The cardinality of Set W is written n(W) =
as: 6
 LET’S DO THESE!
Tell whether each set is “well-defined” or
“not well-defined”.
1. S = {subjects in I- well-
ICT}
2. P = {pandas in the defined
Philippines} well-
Set P is clearly defined. However, since there are
no pandas in the Philippines, we cannot list any elements
Note:
defined
for it. Thus, we consider it an empty or null set. P = { }
or ∅.
3. G = {honest students in the
Philippines}
not well-defined
 LET’S DO THESE!
Identify the elements and cardinality of the
given set.
1. A = {school days}
elements:
cardinality:
2. V = {x:x is a vowel in the English
alphabet}
elements:
 LET’S DO THESE!
Identify what method each set is written.
listing or roster method; description method; or rule or set-builder
notation

1. W = {whole numbers less than}

description method
2. E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
listing or roster method
3. C = {x|x is a consonant in the word “team"}
rule or set-builder
 YOU CAN DO THESE!
Complete the table by determining whether the given set is well-
defined or not well-defined. If well-defined, give the elements and
its cardinality. Tell also how the set is written.
METHOD DESCRIPTION
• listing or roster
SET • description • well-defined ELEMENTS CARDINALIT
• rule or set-builder
• not well-defined
Y
notation
Example:
O = {odd numbers less than 10} description well-defined 1,3,5,7,9 n(O) = 5

1) V = {x:x is a vowel rule or set-

well-defined a n(V) = 1
in builder
notation
the word “art”}
2) P = {beautiful girls in description not well-defined
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Describe universal set and subsets.
2. List all the possible subsets of a given set.
3. Appreciate the importance of universal set
and subset.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Use the given sets below.
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
List all the elements from the three given sets, arranging the numerical
data in ascending order and avoid rewriting repeated or same
elements.

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11
The elements here will be the elements to be listed in our Universal Set.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Use the given sets below.
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
Therefore, the universal set of Set M, Set P and Set R is

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11}
Universal Set – contains all the elements being considered in a
given situation. A universal set can be denoted by the symbol U or
E. It consists of all the elements of its subsets including its own
elements.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Use the given sets below.
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9,
11}
R = {4, 11}
Universal U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9,
Set 11}
With that Set M, Set P and Set R are “subsets”
of our
Universal Set
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Subset – a set whose elements are members of
another set, it is when we take pieces of that
universal set.
A symbol for subset is ⊆.

Example:
Set L = The subsets { },
are:
{7} {7}
empty set or null set - is a set that has no element. It
is represented by the symbol { } or ∅.
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Subset – a set whose elements are members of
another set, it is when we take pieces of that
universal set.
A symbol for subset is ⊆.

Example:
Set M = {4, 11}
The subsets { }, {4}, {11},
are:
{4,11}
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
Subset – a set whose elements are members of
another set, it is when we take pieces of that
universal set.
A symbol for subset is ⊆.

Example:
Set R = {1, 2, 3}
The subsets { }, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,
are: 2, 3}
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9,
11}
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
P⊆ (Set P is a subset of the Universal
Set)
U 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11} ⊆ U
{1,
({1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11} is a subset of the Universal
Set)
 MATHtuto: Who am I?
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9,
11}
M = {2, 4, 6}
P = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11}
R = {4, 11}
{7} ⊆ P ({7} is a subset of Set P)
{0, 2} ⊆ ({0} is NOT a subset of Set
M)
M
 MATHtuto: My Whole and My
Buddy!
I. Determine the universal sets
1. H = {1, 3, 5}, K= {2, 4, 6}, C= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7}
U = {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
2. L = {letters in the word “sad”},
M = {vowels in the word “sad”},
N = {letters of the antonym word of
“sad”}
 MATHtuto: My Whole and My
Buddy!
II. List all the possible subsets.

1. H = {1, 3} { }, {1}, {3},

{1, 3}

2. M = {vowels in the word

“sad”}
 MATHtuto: Count Me In!
The formula for finding the subset of a given set is
𝟐 𝒏

where n is the number of elements in the given

set.
For instance,
B = {1, 2, 3}
has 3 elements, so 𝟐𝒏 = 𝟐 𝟑 = 𝟐 (𝟐)(𝟐) =

The given set has 8 subsets. The null set is always a subset of all
sets.
 MATHtuto: Count Me In!
Determine the number of subsets in the
given set.
1. K= {9,
𝟐 𝒏 =
𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟐 (𝟐) =
32}
Thus, Set K has 4 subsets.

2. M = {vowels in the word

“sad”}
M= 𝒏 = 𝟏 =
𝟐 𝟐
{a}
Thus, Set M has 1 subset.
3. Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, Thus, Set Y has 32
subsets.
10} 𝒏 = = 𝟐 (𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐)(𝟐) =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
 MATHanalyze: Complete Me!
Complete data needed in the given table
below. NUMBER NUMBER
SET OF OF LIST OF SUBSETS
ELEMENT SUBSET
S S

{ } 0 1 { }

{p} 1 2 { }, {p}

{f, g} 2 4 { }, {f}, {g}, {f,g}

{m, n, z} 3 8 { }, {m}, {n}, {z}, {m,n}, {m,z}, {n,z}, {m,n,z}

U = {f, g, m , n, p, z}
What is the Universal
Set?
M.T.S. CALABIA