Earth & Life Science

Organ Systems
Quarter 2/4 Week 5
Quarter 3Review:
WeekGENETIC
1
ENGINEERING
Genetic engineering is the artificial
manipulation, modification, and
recombination of DNA or other nucleic
acid molecules in order to modify an
organism or population of organisms.

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Quarter 3 Week 1
OBJECTIVES
Describe the general and unique
characteristics of the different
organ systems in
representative animals.

Analyze and appreciate the

functional relationships of
the different organ systems in
ensuring animal survival.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
Bio-Question
What happens when
organisms become more
complex?
How do organisms made up of billions, or
even trillions of cells get the raw materials
needed for each and every cell?
Bio-Answer
The answer is…

body systems.
Large, complex organisms need
many levels of organization to
ensure all cells get what they
need to perform life functions.
The body of an animal is like a
well-organized machine capable of
performing different tasks.
The ability of the body to do
all the things it can do is due
to the special internal
and external structures
that work together in an
orderly manner.
The body system is a group of organs that work together
to serve a common purpose.
Each individual body system works in conjunction with other body system to function well and to maintain homeostasis.

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Skeletal System
provides support, protection of
internal organs, production of blood
cells and attachment sites for the
organs
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 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Skeleton_of_a_frog_001.jpg

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Exoskeleton
-a rigid external
covering for the
body in some
invertebrate
animals,
especially
arthropods,
providing both
support and
protection
Muscular System
provides movement, maintains posture,
and produces heat
https://blogs.ncl.ac.uk/katarzynapirog/files/2016/01/33_30_07_11_4_13_56.jpeg
Digestive System
breaks down food and absorbs
nutrients that are important for growth
and maintenance
Incomplete digestive system
(gastrovascular cavity)
 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ukAybKO6cxU/VV8-8TqKBEI/AAAAAAAAI9c/eaBVWbPf_aw/s1600/cow%2Bstomachs%2Bin%2Bdepth.jpg

Cattle, along with sheep,

goats and deer, are
known as ruminants.
This term means that
they have more than
one stomach or
digestive
compartments)
compared to mammals
such as humans and
horses, which only have
one, and so are called
monogastric
animals.

Ruminants possess the

necessary digestive
processes to make it
possible to use cellulose
as an energy source.

The digestive system in cows consists of a four (4) compartmental

stomach system followed by the intestinal system.
Circulatory System
transports nutrients, gases, hormones,
and wastes through the body
Open VS Closed Circulatory System

In an open circulatory system, the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels, In closed circulatory systems, the heart pumps blood through vessels
but is pumped into a cavity called a hemocoel. that are separate from the interstitial fluid of the body.
Respiratory System
provides gas exchange between the
blood and the environment

Mammals and other

organisms have
respiratory system that
work together with their
circulatory system.
Gases are transported via the
bloodstream and are exchanged
via diffusion.
Types of Gas Exchange Surface
http://abacus.bates.edu/acad/depts/biobook/Fig-30-04.jpg
The tracheal system opens externally through the side of the insect through a
structure called a spiracle. Air enters and exit through these structures.
As the respiratory system of insects are independent from their circulatory system, gases is directly exchanged through tracheoles which have
extensions that are directly connected to the cells. Air sacs act like aspirator which takes in and push out air out of the body of the insects
Excretory System
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filters out cellular wastes, toxins, and

excess water or nutrients

Organisms have different

wastes in the form of
nitrogenous wastes
which they
need to excrete.
There are about 1.3 million nephrons in each kidney
and they function to filter the blood.
Excretory System of Some Animals

Protonephridia Malphigian tubules Metanephridia

in flatworms in insects in segmented worms

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Endocrine System
relays chemical messages
through the body that help control
physiological processes

It is a collection of glands
that produce hormones
which regulate metabolism,
growth and development,
tissue function, sexual function,
reproduction, sleep, and mood,
among other things.
Some Endocrine Glands and their Functions

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/endocrine-table_med.jpeg
Nervous System
relays signals through the body that
direct behavior and movement, and
controls physiological processes
The central nervous system
(brain and brain stem) is responsible
for data/information processing which
is gathered by the
peripheral nervous
system (nerves/neurons).
Upon processing, the CNS transmit the
message again to the PNS, which then
convey the message for the appropriate
response.
 Nervous System of Some Animals

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Immune System
-a complex network of specific
immune cells and proteins
that work in synergy to protect
the body against foreign
invaders and harmful toxic
materials coming from the
environment
The “Three Lines of Defense”

Physical & Immune Cells & Against pathogens that have

Chemical Barrier Proteins been encountered previously

Read more here: https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-the-Three-Lines-of-

Defense.aspx
Reproductive System
-produces sex cells and sex hormones that allow
reproduction
https://cdn.britannica.com/31/94931-050-B3162D2A/females-puberty-organs-hormones-males-reproduction-egg.jpg
REVIEW
A. Muscular
B. Skeletal
C. Nervous
D. Endocrine
E. Circulatory
F. Integumentary
G. Immune
H. Respiratory
I. Digestive
J. Urinary
K. Reproductive
Match the body system with its corresponding function/s.
Module 26, p. 15

F
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A
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A J
C I
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D E
G F

Skeletal System & Circulatory System

#BeInspired #BeBlessed
The power of one,
if fearless and focused,
is formidable,
but the power of many

working
together
is better.
-Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo-
Politician and former President of the Philippines