5.2_Industry_4.0

Industry-4.
RGMTTC, BSNL,
Meenambakkam, Chennai.
RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

Internal Circulation only
Industrial Evolution
4. Industrial revolution
Based on cyber-physical-
systems
Through the use of electronics
and IT further progression in
autonomous production
Introducing mass production
Level of complexity
lines powered by electric
energy
Introducing mechanical
production machines powered
by water and steam
Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0
End of the Beginning of the Beginning of the Today
18th century. 20th century 70th
Source: DFKI/Bauer IAO

Industrial Revolutions
• The first industrial revolution was marked by a
transition from hand production methods to
machines through the use of steam power and
water power between 1760 and 1820, or 1840 in
Europe and the US.
• Textile manufacturing, which was first to adopt such
changes, as well as iron industry, agriculture, and
mining

• The second industrial revolution or better known as the
technological revolution is the period between 1870 and 1914.
• It was made possible with the extensive railroad networks and
the telegraph which allowed for faster transfer of people and
ideas.
• It is also marked by ever more present electricity which allowed
for factory electrification and the modern production line.
• It is also a period of great economic growth, with an increase in
productivity.
• It, however, caused a surge in unemployment since many
workers were replaced by machines in factories

• The third industrial revolution occurred in the late
20th century. It is also called digital revolution
• significant progress in the development of
communication technologies with the supercomputer.
• In this process, where there was extensive use of
computer and communication technologies in the
production process.
• Machines started to abrogate the need for human
power in life

What is Industry-4.0?
• Industry 4.0 is a vision that evolved from an initiative to make
the German manufacturing industry more
competitive (‘Industrie 4.0’) to a globally adopted term.
Industry 4.0 is often used interchangeably with the notion of the fourth
industrial revolution. It is characterized by
1. Even more automation than in the third industrial revolution

2. The bridging of the physical and digital world through cyber-physical
systems, enabled by Industrial IoT
3. A shift from a central industrial control system to one where smart
products define the production steps
4. Closed-loop data models and control systems and
5. Personalization/customization of products.
What is Industry-4.0?
• Industrie 4.0 refers to the intelligent networking of machines and
processes for industry with the help of information and
communication technology (Plattform Industrie 4.0)
• Industry 4.0 has been defined as “a name for the current trend of
automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies,
including
⮚ Cyber-physical systems
⮚ Internet of things
⮚ Cloud computing and
⮚ Cognitive computing
and creating the smart factory”.

Industry 4.0 – Process Flow

Building blocks of Industry 4.0
Autonomous
Robots
Big data
Simulation
analytics
Horizontal and
Augmented
reality Industry 4.0 vertical system
integration
Industrial
Additive Mfg Internet of
Things
Cyber Security
I4.0 Vs IIoT
• The Industrial Internet, is a term coined by
American industrial giant GE, looked pretty much
like Industry 4.0., one of the enabling industrial
technologies in the network of machines and
products and networked objects communications
sphere of IIoT.
• The difference between Industry 4.0 and the
Industrial Internet, however, is that, the Industrial
Internet was seen as the third industrial innovation
wave. So, a third wave of innovation instead of a
fourth revolution inRGMthe industry.
TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16
The parameters that differentiate IoT from industrial IoT include:
• Security
• Interoperability
• Scalability
• Precision
• Programmability
• Low latency
• Reliability
• Resilience
• Automation
• Serviceability
Emerging Technologies Supporting IIoT
• Robotics,
• Artificial Intelligence,
• Nanotechnology,
• Quantum Computing,
• Biotechnology,
• The Internet Of Things,
• The Industrial Internet Of Things (Iiot),
• Decentralized Consensus,
• Fifth-generation Wireless Technologies (5G),
• 3D Printing And
• Fully Autonomous Vehicles.
Why Industrial Internet and Why Now?
• complexity of industrial systems has outpaced the human
operator’s ability to recognize and address the efficiencies, thus
making it harder to achieve improvements through traditional
means.
• IT systems can now support widespread instrumentation,
monitoring, and analytics due to a fall in the costs of compute,
bandwidth, storage, and sensors.
• Cloud computing addresses the issues with remote data storage;
• the maturity and subsequent growth in networks and evolving
low-power radio wireless wide area networks ( WWAN ) solutions
have enabled remote monitoring and control of assets, which
previously were simply not economical or reliable enough

Architecture Model of I4.0
• In the context of Industry 4.0 the framework is known as
RAMI 4.0, (Reference Architecture Model for Industrie
4.0)
• The Industrial Internet Consortium’s framework is known
as IIRA, (Industrial Internet Reference Architecture)
• Early 2016 the Industrial Internet Consortium and
Plattform Industrie 4.0 announced their collaboration,
with a focus on standardization, the architecture for the
“new” manufacturing, the business goals and the role of
the Internet of Things in it all.
IIRA – Functional Domains and System Characteristics

IIRA – Three TIER Architecture

RAMI 4.0 – The Reference
Architectural Model for Industrie 4.0
RAMI 4.0 is a three-dimensional map showing how to approach the issue of
Industrie 4.0 in a structured manner.

Axis 1 – Hierarchy: The Factory
Entreprise The Old World: Industrie 3.0
Work
• Hardware-based structure
Centers
• Functions are bound to hardware
Station • Hierarchy-based communication
• Product is isolated
Control
Device
Field Device
Product
Axis 1 – Hierarchy: The Factory
The New World: Industrie 4.0 Connected
World
• Flexible systems and machines

• Functions are distributed throughout the network
• Participants interact across hierarchy levels
• Communication among all participants
Smart
• Product is part of the network
Factory
Smart
Products
Axis 2 – Product Life Cycle
The Product: From the First Idea to the Scrapyard
.
Maintenance Maintenance
Development Usage Production Usage
Type Instance
Construction Plan: Construction Plan: Production: Facility

Development Software Updates Product Management:
Construction Instruction Manual Data Usage
Computer Simulation Maintenance Cycles Serial Number Service
… Maintenance
Prototype …
… Recycling
Scrapping …
Axis 3 – Architecture
Business Organisation and Business Processes
Functional Functions of the Asset
Information
Necessary Data
Access to Information
Communication
Transition from Real to Digital World

Integration
Physical Things in the Real World

Asset

Reference Architectural Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0)
Architecture Hierarchy
Business Processes
Functions
Data
Communication
Digitalization
Physical Things
Product Life Cycle
Development, Production / Sales, Service
A Solution Space with a Coordinate System for Industrie 4.0

Who provides intepretation? The Administration Shell…
… is the interface connecting

I4.0 to the physical Thing
... stores all data and information
about the asset
... serves as the network’s
standardized communication
interface
… is also able to integrate
passive assets

The Roles and Responsibilities of the Administration Shell
• Each physical thing has its own administration shell.
• Several assets can form a thematic unit with a common administration
shell, several thematic units ...
Station Control Device Field Device

The Industrie 4.0 Component
RAMI 4.0 I4.0 • The connection takes

Communication
Business Processes place over the I4.0
Administration
Functions Shell communication
• The administration shell
Data
Thing forms the digital part
Communication (e.g., machine)
• The Thing forms the real
Digitalization part
Physical Things
Each object needs its own administration shell

that allows its integration into Industrie 4.0

IIRA and RAMI 4.0 Alignment and Interoperability

Industry 4.0: Germany
A collective term for technologies and concepts of value chain
organization. Based on the technological concepts of cyber-physical
systems, the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services, it facilitates
the vision of the Smart Factory.
⮚Cyber-physical systems
⮚IoT
⮚Cloud computing
⮚Cognitive computing

Cyber Physical Systems
• Cyber-physical systems form the basis of Industry 4.0 (e.g.,
‘smart machines’).
• They use modern control systems, have embedded software
systems and
• dispose of an Internet address to connect and be addressed via
the Internet of Things (IoT).
• Cyber-physical systems create the capabilities needed for smart
factories.
• These are the same capabilities we know from the
Industrial Internet of Things like remote monitoring or track
and trace, to mention two.
From mechanical System to CPS
• Looking at Industry 4.0 as the next new stage in the
organization improvement in which CPS fits started
from
⮚ Mechanical systems,
⮚ Mechatronics (where we use controllers, sensors and
actuators, more terms that are familiar in IoT)
⮚ Adaptronics (systems able to adapt in real-time to
the operating conditions of installations or machines)
⮚ and is now entering this stage of the rise of Cyber-
Physical Systems.
Cyber Physical Systems
• A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system of collaborating

computational elements controlling physical entities.
• CPS are physical and engineered systems whose operations are
monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing
and communication core.
• They allow us to add capabilities to physical systems by merging
computing and communication
RGM TTC,with physical processes.
BSNL, Chennai-16
CPS Layer Architecture

Industry 4.0: Germany
A collective term for technologies and concepts of value chain
organization. Based on the technological concepts of cyber-physical
systems, the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services, it facilitates
the vision of the Smart Factory.
⮚Cyber-physical systems
⮚IoT
⮚Cloud computing
⮚Cognitive computing

What is a Server?
A server is a computer equipped with specific
programs and/or hardware that enables it to offer
services to other computers (clients) on its network.

Servers according to Built

Rack, Blade and Towers
⮚Rack servers are mounted on standardized racks that can
reach 10’ in height, allowing the data center to efficiently
deploy dozens of rack-mounted servers.
⮚Blade servers are small circuit boards that act as servers

within their server enclosure; they are an excellent choice
for high processing power in a dense environment.
⮚Tower servers come with the capacity for high

optimization and customization, allowing organizations to
match the server configuration to their needs.
What is a virtual machine?
• A virtual machine (VM) is a software representation
of a computer.
• A virtual machine is the emulated equivalent of a

computer system that runs on top of another system.
• A Physical Server can be Logically split into multiple

Virtual servers running on the same Hardware.

Virtual Machines

What is a hypervisor?
• A hypervisor is a program for creating and running
virtual machines. Hypervisors have traditionally
been split into two classes:
• Type -1
• Type -2

BSNL Data Center

Cloud Computing
• From User view
In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and
accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your
computer's hard drive..
• From Cloud Vendor view

Cloud Computing can be defined as delivering computing
power( CPU, RAM, Network Speeds, Storage OS software) as a service
over a network (usually on the internet) rather than physically having
the computing resources at the customer location.
Example: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud

A Typical Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Data Centers

Cloud Computing Management Software
Software designed to deploy and manage large networks of
virtual machines, as a highly available, highly scalable Infrastructure as
cloud computing platform.
• Apache CloudStack
• OpenStack.
• CloudHealth
• Scalr
• Rackspace Cloud Management
• Kubernetes.
• OpenNebula.
• Eucalyptus.
• MaaS.
• VirtKick.
What is OpenStack?
OpenStack is
✔ open source software to build private and public clouds.
✔ OpenStack software controls large pools of compute,
storage, and networking resources throughout a
datacenter, all managed by a dashboard that gives
administrators control while empowering their users to
provision resources through a web interface.
OpenStack Foundation: (www.openstack.org)
– promotes the development, distribution and adoption of the
OpenStack cloud operating system.

Cognitive Computing is ……….
• Data Analytics
• Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence
• Deep Learning
• Fog Computing
• SDN - Software Defined Network
• NFV – Network Function Virtualization

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Industry-4.

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

1. Even more automation than in the third industrial revolution

and creating the smart factory”.

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

Entreprise The Old World: Industrie 3.0

• Flexible systems and machines

Construction Plan: Construction Plan: Production: Facility

Functional Functions of the Asset

Transition from Real to Digital World

Physical Things in the Real World

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

Development, Production / Sales, Service

A Solution Space with a Coordinate System for Industrie 4.0

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

… is the interface connecting

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

Station Control Device Field Device

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RAMI 4.0 I4.0 • The connection takes

Each object needs its own administration shell

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

• A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system of collaborating

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

⮚Blade servers are small circuit boards that act as servers

⮚Tower servers come with the capacity for high

• A virtual machine is the emulated equivalent of a

• A Physical Server can be Logically split into multiple

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

• From Cloud Vendor view

Example: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

RGM TTC, BSNL, Chennai-16

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