Fall 2023-2024

Semester 1

Introduction to Computers

Course Coordinator
Dr. Rodaina Abdelsalam
rabdelsalam@eelu.edu.eg
Module 2

Introduction to Internet
Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The Internet and the Web
3. Common Internet Uses
4. Internet Access
5. Web Utilities
6. Communication
7. Search Tools
8. Electronic Commerce
9. Cloud Computing
10. The Internet of Things (IoT)
Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The Internet and the Web
3. Common Internet Uses
4. Internet Access
5. Web Utilities
6. Communication
7. Search Tools
8. Electronic Commerce
9. Cloud Computing
10. The Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
The Internet is an interconnected mesh of computers and data lines that connects millions of people and
organizations.
The Internet originally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET—Advanced Research Project
Agency Network)
The internet is the foundation of the digital revolution, allowing people around the world to share text, images and
any digital file almost instantaneously.

•World Wide Web (Web) was introduced in 1991, it provides an easy-to-use interface to Internet resources that has
become an everyday tool.
Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The Internet and the Web
3. Common Internet Uses
4. Internet Access
5. Web Utilities
6. Communication
7. Search Tools
8. Electronic Commerce
9. Cloud Computing
10. The Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet and the Web

In other words;
The Internet is the physical hardware (comprised of wires, cables,
satellites, and rules) that makes the connections possible, as it is a large
global network connecting smaller networks all over the globe
WWW is the content and services that are widely available over this
massive collection of connected computers, as it is a multimedia
interface to the resources available on the Internet.
Web Generations
Web 1.0. Web 3.0.
1st generation. Identifies relationships between data.
Focused on Linking existing information. Example: Siri and Google Assistant
Search programs were created. Personalized content creation for users,
Creating web page required background in maintaining calendar and reminder of
computers. events.
Web 4.0.
Web 2.0. Called the mobile web.
Dynamic content creation. Similar to Web 3.0 but includes
Facebook and other social media made information gathered from mobile
it easy for nontechnical people. devices.

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Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The Internet and the Web
3. Common Internet Uses
4. Internet Access
5. Web Utilities
6. Communication
7. Search Tools
8. Electronic Commerce
9. Cloud Computing
10. The Internet of Things (IoT)
Common Internet Uses
Most common Internet applications

Communicating – most popular Internet activity. Exchange e-mail, photos, videos

Shopping – fastest-growing applications

Searching - using virtual libraries.

Education or e-learning– take classes remotely from almost any location and any subject

Entertainment – music, movies, magazines, computer games

Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The Internet and the Web
3. Common Internet Uses
4. Internet Access
5. Web Utilities
6. Communication
7. Search Tools
8. Electronic Commerce
9. Cloud Computing
10. The Internet of Things (IoT)
Access The Internet
Common way to access the Internet is through an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that
provides a temporary connections for individuals, homes, and small businesses.
They use telephone lines (digital subscriber line (D S L)), cable, and/or wireless
connections
Browsers
Browsers are programs that provide access to web resources
They allow you to explore the web by searching for information and communicating using the web.
Allow you to explore the web, get connected to remote computers, provides an uncomplicated interface to the Internet,
transfer files, and display many varieties of multimedia.
Browsers
Different browsers may display the same web page differently, so web developers must test websites on different
browsers to make sure they look good .

• Popular Web browsers include:

• Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome
• Microsoft Edge
• Apple Safari
• Opera
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• URL is the address or location that tell the computer were a resource is
located.
• URL has at least two parts:
• Protocol; rules for exchanging data Subdomain

between computers (usually http://)

• Domain name; specific address
where the resource is located
• Top-level domain (TLD) or Web
Suffix, identifies the type of
organization
HTML and Hyperlinks
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents
designed to be displayed in a web browser.
HTML provides the basic structure of sites.
Browsers Interpret the HTML codes and formatting instructions and displays the
document as a web page.
Example
HTML and Hyperlinks
Web pages may contain:
Hyperlinks or links -- allow users to jump to other pages or web sites
Graphics -- Images can improve the design and the appearance of a web page.
Text
Multimedia elements -- sound, music, videos, movies, and animations.
Technologies used to provide highly interactive and
animated websites:
HTML to define the content of web pages
HTML is enhanced and modified by other technologies.
CSS to specify the layout of web pages
JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages
PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.
Technologies used to provide highly interactive and
animated websites:
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) – is a simple mechanism for adding style to web documents to control the
appearance and layout of a web page giving them consistent look for presentation.
With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between elements, how elements are
positioned and laid out, what background images or background colors are to be used, different displays for
different devices and screen sizes, and much more!
Technologies used to provide highly interactive and
animated websites:
JavaScript (JS) – is a programming language used with HTML documents to control the behavior of different
elements, and to trigger interactive features, such as opening a new browser.
Technologies used to provide highly interactive and
animated websites:
PHP – like JavaScript, language also used the HTML documents to improve website’s interactivity.
However, PHP executes on the website’s computer, JavaScript executes on the user’s computer.
Technologies used to provide highly interactive and
animated websites:
Mobile Browsers – designed to run on portable devices. Contain special navigational tools for convenience to
pinch and stretch
Outline
1. Introduction.
2. The Internet and the Web
3. Common Internet Uses
4. Internet Access
5. Web Utilities
6. Communication
7. Search Tools
8. Electronic Commerce
9. Cloud Computing
10. The Internet of Things (IoT)
 Web Utilities (1 of 4)
Web Utilities are specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and web
safer and easier
 Filters
 File Transfer Utilities
 Internet Security
Filters
Web Utilities (2 of 4)
They are programs that block access to selected sites and can set time limits
They can also monitor use and generate reports detailing the total time spent on the
Internet and time spent at specific sites.
File Transfer Utilities
Web Utilities (3 of 4)
Using file transfer utility software, you can copy files to your computer from
specially configured servers. This is called downloading.
You also can use file transfer utility software to copy files from your computer to
another computer on the Internet. This is called uploading.
Three popular types of file transfer are web-based, BitTorrent, and FTP.
Web-based file transfer services make use of a web browser to upload and download files. Example:
Dropbox.com.
BitTorrent distributes file transfers across many different computers for more efficient downloads, so it is well
suited for transferring very large files.
File transfer protocol (FTP) and secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) allow efficient copy of files to and from your
computer across the Internet and are frequently used for uploading changes to a website hosted by an Internet
service provider, and good for transferring large files.
 Web Utilities (4 of 4)
Internet Security Suites
Internet Security Suites – collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while you are
on the Web
They control spam, protect against computer viruses, and provide filters.
•Suites are the most cost efficient way to go instead of buying each component separately.
•Example:
• McAfee Internet Security
• Symantec Norton Internet Security
MCQ
1. The network that connects computers all over the world.
A. ARPANET
B. LAN
C. Internet C
D. Web

2. The rules for exchanging data between computers.

A. Browsers
B. Protocols
C. WWW
D. ISP

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MCQ
3. Using file transfer utility software, you can copy files to your computer from specially configured servers on the
Internet. This is called:
A. downloading
B. blogging
C. filtering
D. uploading.
A

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