Disorders of

Cardiovascular
System Faculty Of Applied Medical Science
Department Of MSc in Medical surgical Nursing
MED511: Pathophysiology for Medical Surgical Nursing

Supervised:DR.Faten Aldafiri

Student name:
SULIMAN ALATAWI
SAFAR ALOTAIBI
MOHAMAD ALSHAMMRI
MOHAMAD ALMAIMONI
Objectives
01 Defined the normal cardiac
system.

02 Outline the Cardiovascular

Diseases.

03 Explain the pathophysiology

for Disorders of Cardiovascular
System.
Introduction
Cardiac anatomy
 Introduction
1
The cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and
nutrients to metabolizing tissues and remove carbon
dioxide and wastes from these tissues.

2
CVD is now the most common cause of death
worldwide.
3
There are many ways to reduce the risk of
developing these conditions.

4
There are also many treatment options available if
do they occur.
The Cardiovascular Diseases
Angina Arrhythmia, or an Coronary artery disease Heart attack
irregular heartbeat or
heart rhythm

1 2 3 4

Heart valve disease Stroke Hypertrophic Heart failure (Dilated

cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy)

8 7 6 5
The Cardiovascular Diseases
Aorta disease and Rheumatic heart Congenital heart Radiation heart disease
Marfan syndrome disease disease

9 10 11 12

Heart failure Peripheral vascular Rheumatic fever Myocardial infarction

disease

16 15 14 13
 Pathophysiology of
cardiovascular disaster
Angina
pathophysiology
• Angina results when there is an
imbalance between the heart's
oxygen demand and supply.

• This imbalance can result from an

increase in demand (e.g., during
exercise) without a proportional
increase in supply (e.g., due to
obstruction or atherosclerosis of
the coronary arteries).
 Coronary artery disease
RISK FACTORS
Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque
buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply Modifaible
blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). NON Modifable
1-hypertension 1-Family History
Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits. 2-DM
Plaque buildup causes the inside of the 2-increasing age
3-Physical activity
arteries to narrow over time. This process is
called atherosclerosis.
Symptoms
1-chest pain
2-Nausea
3-sleep problem
Atherosclerosis
pathophysiology

AWESOME
SLIDE
 myocardial infarction
pathophysiology
Myocardial infarction is usually due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary
vessel caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque.
Ischemia induces profound metabolic and ionic perturbations in the affected
myocardium and causes rapid depression of systolic function.
Heart attack
pathophysiology
• A heart attack occurs when an
artery supplying your heart with
blood and oxygen becomes
blocked.

• Fatty deposits build up over time,

forming plaques in your heart's
arteries.

• If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot

can form and block your arteries,
causing a heart attack.
Heart failure pathophysiology
• In heart failure, the heart may not
provide tissues with adequate
blood for metabolic needs, and
cardiac-related elevation of
pulmonary or systemic venous
pressures may result in organ
congestion. ‘

• This condition can result from

abnormalities of systolic or
diastolic function or, commonly,
both.
Heart
failure
 Heart valve
disease
pathophysiology

•Valvular heart disease (VHD) is

caused by either damage or defect in
one of the four heart valves, aortic,
mitral, tricuspid or pulmonary.

•Defects in these valves can be

congenital or acquired. Age, gender,
tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia,
hypertension, and type II diabetes
contribute to the risk of disease.
Pathophysiology
of Stroke
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
pathophysiology
Rheumatic heart disease
pathophysiology

•Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a

chronic and progressive form of
damage to the heart valves resulting
in dysfunction of the heart.

•It is a complication of an autoimmune

disorder called acute rheumatic fever
(ARF), which is in turn precipitated by
group A streptococcal infections of the
throat.
Radiation induced
heart disease

•Radiation can cause acute and

chronic effects on the heart. The
acute phase is mediated by
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF),
and interleukins (IL) IL-1, 6, and 8
further leading to neutrophil
infiltration. Acute phase may be
asymptomatic or can present as
acute pericarditis.
 SUMMARY
Successful
prevention efforts Addressing the risk
will require factors of tobacco
adequate resources use, physical
for leadership, inactivity and
organizational and unhealthy eating will
financial not only reduce
management, as CVD, but should
well as for planning also reduce cancer,
and implementation. diabetes, and
osteoporosis.

Text Text Text Text Text

There are other risk Efforts to address

It is important to note factors are also other these chronic
that the prevention of issues such as diseases will not only
cardiac risk factors education, income, assist in reducing
to reduce access to care, CVD, but will
cardiovascular geography, etc., that improve the overall
disease need to be a can hinder healthy health of all publics.
core of the quality of lifestyles in general.
life.
 REFERENCES
• Ibrahim, H., & Kleiman, N. (2017). Platelet pathophysiology, pharmacology, and function
in coronary artery disease. Coronary Artery Disease, 28(7), 614-623.
https://doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000519

• Lavie, C. (2020). Statistics 2020 at progress in cardiovascular diseases. Progress In

Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(4), 534-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.008

• Mori, S., Tretter, J., Spicer, D., Bolender, D., & Anderson, R. (2019). What is the real
cardiac anatomy?. Clinical Anatomy, 32(3), 288-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23340

• Pinho, C. (2018). Cardiac Fibrosis Occurs before Arterial Hypertension Becomes Well
Defined?. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia. https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20180243

• Sievenpiper, J., & Lavie, C. (2018). Dietary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Progress In Cardiovascular Diseases, 61(1), 1-2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.05.001

• Villano, A., Lanza, G., & Crea, F. (2018). Microvascular angina. Journal Of
Cardiovascular Medicine, 19, e36-e39. https://doi.org/10.2459/jcm.0000000000000638
Thank You
ANY QUESTIONES !!