Information Analytics in

Perspectives
The transformation of data into knowledge is a structured process that involves data
collection, cleaning and pre-processing, integration, storage, analysis, and
visualization.

m by madam kay
Data Collection
Data collection is the foundation of information analytics. It involves gathering relevant data from various sources to
provide a comprehensive dataset for analysis and decision making.
Data Cleaning and Pre-
processing
Data cleaning and pre-processing ensure the quality and integrity of the data. This
step involves removing errors, inconsistencies, and duplicates, and transforming the
data into a standardized format for analysis.
Data Integration
Data integration combines data from different sources into a single dataset. It enables comprehensive analysis by
providing a holistic view of the information and uncovering hidden patterns and insights.
Data Storage
Data storage involves organizing and storing the collected and processed data in a
structured manner. It allows for efficient retrieval and analysis, ensuring the
availability of information when needed.
Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis focuses on summarizing and describing the main features of the
data. It helps in understanding the characteristics, patterns, and relationships within
the dataset.
Inferential Analysis
Inferential analysis aims to draw conclusions and make predictions about a larger population based on a sample of the
data. It involves statistical techniques to infer insights beyond the analyzed dataset.
Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis utilizes mathematical models and techniques to analyze data,
identify trends, patterns, and relationships, and make informed decisions based on the
results.
Data Visualization
Data visualization transforms complex data into visual representations such as charts, graphs, and maps. It enhances
understanding, simplifies communication, and enables efficient data-driven decision making.
Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence (BI) uses technologies, applications, and processes to
collect, analyze, and present data for informed decision-making.

m by madam kay
Key Characteristics of BI
• Data Integration:
• Data Analysis:
• Reporting and Dashboards:
• Data Visualization:
• Ad Hoc Querying:
• Data Mining and Predictive Analytics:

Business Intelligence involves data integration, analysis, reporting, visualization, ad hoc querying, and predictive
analytics.
Data Integration
Efficiently gather and combine data from various sources to create a unified and reliable data
repository.

Data Cleansing

Ensure data accuracy and consistency by removing duplicates and errors.

Data Transformation

Convert and standardize data formats to enable efficient analysis and reporting.

Data Integration Tools

Utilize advanced tools and platforms to automate data integration processes.

Data Analysis
Uncover valuable insights from data to support informed decision-making and optimize business performance.

Statistical Analysis Business Intelligence Tools Data-driven Decision-

Apply statistical methods to
identify patterns, correlations, and
trends in the data.
making
Utilize powerful tools and Use data insights to drive
algorithms for data exploration informed decisions and develop
and analysis. effective strategies.
Reporting and Dashboards
Visualize data in intuitive and interactive reports and dashboards for easy consumption and monitoring.

1 Report Generation

Create comprehensive reports with key metrics and analysis results.

2 Real-time Dashboards

Monitor business performance and KPIs in real-time with dynamic dashboards.

3 Automated Updates

Enable automatic data refreshes and scheduled report distribution.

Data Visualization
Present data in visually appealing and meaningful ways to enhance understanding and aid decision-
making.

1 Interactive Charts

Create charts and graphs that allow users to explore and interact with data.

2 Infographics

Use visually striking infographics to convey complex information in a concise manner.

3 Geospatial Visualization

Visualize location-based data on maps for geographical analysis and insights.

Ad Hoc Querying
Perform on-demand queries to explore data, answer specific business questions,
and uncover hidden patterns.

• Create custom queries without predefined structure

• Filter and drill down into datasets based on criteria
• Immediate access to up-to-date information
Statistical Analysis: A
Comprehensive Guide
Unlock the power of statistical analysis with this comprehensive guide. Learn
about data types, descriptive and inferential statistics, data visualization, and
statistical software.

m by madam kay
Data Types
1 Numerical Data

Measurements that are expressed in numbers, such as height, weight, or temperature.

2 Categorical Data

Qualitative information that is classified into categories, such as gender, occupation, or

favorite color.
Descriptive Statistics
1 Measures of Central Tendency

Summarize the center of a distribution, including mean, median, and mode.

2 Measures of Dispersion

Describe the spread or variability of data, including range, variance, and standard deviation.
Inferential Statistics
1 Hypothesis Testing 2 Confidence Intervals

Evaluate the probability of obtaining sample Estimate the range in which the population
results by chance and draw conclusions about parameter is likely to fall based on sample
the population. data.
Data Visualization
1 Graphs and Charts

Present data visually using bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, and more.

2 Infographics

Create engaging visual representations of complex statistical information.

Statistical Software
1 SPSS

A widely-used software for statistical analysis and data management.

2 R

A powerful programming language and software environment for statistical computing and
graphics.

3 Excel

Utilize built-in functions and tools for basic statistical analysis.

Hypothesis Testing and Confidence
Intervals
1 Formulate Hypotheses

State the null and alternative hypotheses based on the research question.

2 Collect Data

Gather relevant data through surveys, experiments, or other methods.

3 Analyze Data

Apply statistical tests and calculate confidence intervals to draw conclusions.

Correlation and Regression Analysis

Correlation Analysis Regression Analysis

Measure the strength and direction of the relationship Examine the relationship between a dependent
between two variables. variable and one or more independent variables.
Data Mining
Data mining involves gathering, cleaning, exploring, and modeling data to
discover patterns and extract valuable insights. Join us on this journey of
knowledge discovery.

m by madam kay
Data Preparation
Gathering

Collecting data from various sources such as databases, websites, and APIs.

Cleaning

Handling missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies to ensure data quality.

Pre-processing

Transforming data into a suitable format for analysis by normalizing, discretizing, or encoding.
Data Exploration

Data Structure Data Distribution Data Relationships

Understanding the organization Exploring the frequency and Investigating associations,

and relationships within the data. spread of values across variables. correlations, and dependencies
between variables.
Modelling Techniques

1 Clustering

Grouping similar data points together

based on their characteristics.
Classification 2
Predicting categorical outcomes based on
training data. 3 Regression

Fitting a mathematical model to estimate

Association 4 continuous variables.

Identifying patterns and relationships

between items in large datasets. 5 Anomaly Detection

Detecting unusual or abnormal instances

Time Series Analysis 6 in data.

Examining data collected over time to

uncover patterns and trends. 7 Text Mining

Extracting meaningful information from

unstructured text data.
Evaluation

1 Accuracy Assessment 2 Effectiveness Evaluation

Measuring the performance of predictive Assessing how well the models meet the
models against known outcomes. specified objectives.
Pattern Interpretation and
Knowledge Discovery
Unravel the hidden insights within patterns discovered through data mining and
gain valuable knowledge for informed decision-making.
Unlock the Power of Data Mining

Data Visualization Advanced Algorithms Data Science Collaboration

Create compelling visual Explore cutting-edge techniques

representations to communicate that enhance accuracy and Collaborate with experts across
data findings effectively. efficiency in data mining. domains to uncover meaningful
insights from complex data.
Big Data Analytics
Discover the power of big data analytics and how it revolutionizes the way
businesses make data-driven decisions.

m by madam kay
Volume of Big Data Analytics
Unlock the potential of massive volumes of data that traditional databases and tools struggle to handle.
Velocity of Big Data Analytics

Harness the ability to process and analyze data in real-time or near-real-time,

enabling timely decision-making.
Variety of Big Data Analytics

Navigate through diverse formats including text, images, audio, video, and social
media posts to gain comprehensive insights.
Value of Big Data Analytics
Extract valuable insights and knowledge from data, enabling businesses to make better decisions and drive growth.
Veracity of Big Data Analytics

Tackle the challenge of analyzing data with varying degrees of accuracy and
reliability, empowering more informed decision-making.
Data Analytics Applications
Marketing Optimization Risk Management

Target your audience effectively and improve Identify potential risks and mitigate them through
campaign results with data analysis. data-driven insights.

Operations Optimization Customer Experience

Streamline processes and improve efficiency with Enhance customer satisfaction by leveraging data
data analytics. to personalize experiences and anticipate needs.
Big Data Analytics Tools

Analytics Software Predictive Analytics Data Mining

Explore a range of powerful tools Forecast future trends and Uncover hidden patterns and
and platforms for data behavior patterns using advanced insights from large datasets.
visualization and analysis. algorithms.