Project Management

Introduction

Projects in Contemporary Organizations

EEE 399 -01-MW

Prepared by: MASUD KARIM

31 January 2024
 Project Management Organizations

IPMA (International Project Management Association)

APM (Association for Project Management)
PMI (Project Management Institute), start in 1969.

PMI- Published a series of Documents called A Guide

to the Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK).

PMI- Provides popular project management

certification called Project Management Professional
(PMP).
 Introduction

A professional organization for project

management specialists is the
A. PMI
B. AMA
C. MIS
D. IPM
E. PMBOK

PMI
 Project Management
 What’s a project?
A project is a one-time-only set of activities with a definite
beginning and ending point in time

 The PMI has defined a project as “A temporary endeavor

undertaken to create a unique product or service”

 MANAGEMENT = MANAGE+MEN+T

 What is Project Management?

- A team based approach for managing projects.
PMP Questions

 A project is:
 A. A set of sequential activities performed in a process or system.
 B. A revenue-generating activity that needs to be accomplished
while achieving customer satisfaction.
 C. An ongoing endeavor undertaken to meet customer or market
requirements.
 D. A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,
service, or result.

 Answer is D. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to

create a unique product, service, or result. The temporary nature of
projects indicates a definite beginning and ending.
PMP Questions
 Which of the following is NOT true for a project?
 A) Projects are constrained by limited resources
 B) Projects are planned, executed, and controlled
 C) Projects create a unique product or service
 D) Projects are ongoing and repetitive

 Answer is D. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to

create a unique product, service, or result. The temporary nature
of projects indicates a definite beginning and ending.
PM-Introduction

 Which of the following is not considered to be a characteristic of

a project?
A. An established objective
B. A clear beginning and end
C. Complex tasks
D. Only for internal use
E. Never been done before

D
PMP Questions

 Project management is:

 A. The integration of the critical path method and the Earned Value
Management system.
 B. The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to
project activities to meet the project requirements.
 C. The application of knowledge, skills, wisdom, science, and art to
organizational activities to achieve operational excellence.
 D. A subset of most engineering and other technical disciplines

 Answer : B.
 What is project management?
 Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and
techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
Management is managing resource – example of
resource

 Resources refers to
 (A) Manpower
 (B) Machinery
 (C) Materials
 (D) All of the above

 Answer: D
 What is a Project (PMI)
A Project is a Temporary Endeavor Undertaken to Create a Unique
Product, Service or Result.

Examples of Projects Include but are not Limited to:

Developing a New Pharmaceutical Compound for Market,

Expanding a Tour Guide Service,
Merging Two Organizations,
Improving a Business Process within an Organization,
Acquiring and Installing a new Computer Hardware System for Use in an
Organization,
Modifying a Computer Software Program Used in an Organization,
Exploring for Oil in a Region,
Conducting Research to Develop a new Manufacturing Process &
Constructing a Building.
Project Management Example

 Developing a technology is an example of

 (A) Process
 (B) Project
 (C) Scope
 (D) All of the above

 Answer: B
PMP Question

 Which of the following activities is not considered a project?

A. Developing a new software program
B. Designing a space station
C. Preparing the site for the Olympic Games
D. Production of automobile tires
E. Developing a new advertising program

D
 Characteristics of a Project

Have a Purpose
Have a Life Cycle
Interdependencies
Uniqueness
Conflict
Conflict Resolution Technique

 Conflict resolution techniques that may be used on a project

include confronting, smoothing, forcing, and:
 A-) Withdrawing
 B-) Directing
 C-) Organizing
 D-) Controlling

 Which of the options is a conflict resolution

technique? Answer is A, Withdrawing, or in other words,
avoiding. The other three are directing, organizing, and
controlling, are not types of conflict resolution techniques.
Therefore, the answer is A.
 What are the Objectives(Goal)/ Key Metrics of a Project

3 (Three) Project Objectives:

 Performance (Quality, Safety, Creative, Environmental Issue)

 Time (Scheduled Period over which the work is to be done)
 Cost (Budgeted Cost of the Project)

Expectations of Clients are not an Additional Target, but an Inherent

part of the Project Specifications
Project Objectives

 Project objectives consists of

 (A) Time
 (B) Cost
 (C) Quality
 (D) All of the above

 Answer: D
 Project Life Cycle - Steps

• Concept Evaluation/ Commencement

• Requirements Identification/ Selection
• Design
• Implementation
• Assessment
• Integration
• Validation
• Customer Test and Evaluation
• Termination Operations and Maintenance
Life Cycle Example
Following are the phases of Project Management Life
Cycle. Arrange them in correct order
1. Design, 2. Marketing, 3. Analysis and evaluation, 4.
Inspection, testing and delivery
(A) 3-2-1-4
(B) 1-2-3-4
(C) 2-3-1-4
(D) 4-3-2-1

Answer: A
Design Phase

 Design phase consist of

 (A) Input received
 (B) Output received
 (C) Both (A) and (B)
 (D) None of the above

 Answer: C
PLC MCQ

 In the initial stage of the project the probability of completing

the project is ___ .
 (A) Zero
 (B) High
 (C) Low
 (D) Any of the above

 Answer: C
The Conventional Project Life Cycle
 Another Possible Project Life Cycle

 Unlike the more conventional life cycle, continued inputs of

effort at the end of the project produce significant gains in
returns
Time Distribution of Project Effort
Project Management Process
 During a team meeting, a team member asks about the
measurements that will be used on the project to judge
performance. The team member feels that some of the measures
related to activities assigned him are not valid measurements.
The project is BEST considered in what part of the project
management process?
 A-) Initiating
 B-) Executing
 C-) Monitoring & Controlling
 D-) Closing

Answer is B. Executing. Questions states that team member feels

some of the measures on his activities are not valid. Therefore,
he must be working during the executing phase of the project
where project deliverables are produced and project members
perform most of the work they should do.
The Benefit from Projects may be Tangible, Intangible or Both.

Examples of Tangible Elements Include:

Monetary Assets,
Stockholder Equity,
Utility,
Fixtures,
Tools, and
Market share.
Examples of Intangible Elements Include:
Goodwill,
Brand Recognition,
Public Benefit,
Trademarks,
Strategic Alignment, and
Reputation.
Tangible/Intangible Element

 Which from the following is NOT a tangible element?

 A Fixtures
 B Trademarks
 C Monetary assets
 D Stockholder equity

 Answer: B
 Key Success Factors of PM
 Better Control
 Top-down Commitment
 Shorter Development Times
 Lower Costs
 Higher Quality and Reliability
 Higher Profit Margins
 Sharper Orientation Toward Results
 Better Interdepartmental Coordination
 Higher Worker Morale
 THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Effective project management helps individuals, groups, and public and private
organizations to:
Meet business objectives;
Satisfy stakeholder expectations;
Be more predictable;
Increase chances of success;
Deliver the right products at the right time;
Resolve problems and issues;
Respond to risks in a timely manner;
Optimize the use of organizational resources;
Identify, recover, or terminate failing projects;
Manage constraints (e.g., scope, quality, schedule, costs, resources);
Balance the influence of constraints on the project (e.g., increased scope may
increase cost or schedule); and
Manage change in a better manner
Project, Program and Portfolio Management from an Organizational

 Portfolio Management focuses on doing the “Right” Programs

and Projects.
 Program and Project Management focus on doing Programs
and Projects the “Right” way;
 Project, Program and Portfolio Management from an Organizational

Portfolio managers are responsible of managing:

A-)Dependency of different projects
B-)Operational projects only
C-)Projects, programs and operations
D-)Functional work and projects

Answer is C. The relationship among portfolios, programs, and

projects is such that a portfolio refers to a collection of projects,
programs, sub-portfolios, and operations managed as a group to
achieve strategic objectives.
Project, Program and Portfolio Management from an Organizational

 A program is a:
 A. Group of related tasks lasting one year or less.
 B. Group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program
activities managed in a coordinated manner.
 C. Large projects with significant cost and resource requirements.
 D. Sequence of activities constituting a major project.

 Answer. B.
 Program Management
 A program is defined as a group of related projects, subsidiary
programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner
to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.
Programs are not large projects
What are the Tools in Project Management

Work Breakdown Structure

Network Diagram /CPM
Gantt Charts
Risk Management
 Technology for Managing Projects

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Groupware (Lotus Notes)
Project Management Software
CA Super Project
Harvard Total Manager
MS Project
Sure Track Project Manager
Time Line
 Project Manager
The project manager is the person assigned by the organization to lead
the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.

Liable for:
Project Activities Quality
Human Resources Time
Communications Costs
Project Manager Responsibilities

Following is(are) the responsibility(ies) of the project

manager.
(A) Budgeting and cost control
(B) Allocating resources
(C) Tracking project expenditure
(D) All of the above

Answer: D
Team Management and Team Leadership Comparison
 Summary

Project Management, though not problem-free, is the

best way to accomplish certain goals.

Projects often start slow, build up speed while using

considerable resources, and then slow down as
completion nears.