I.

Geographical location and

natural components
Geographical location, size and borders
of Bulgaria.
 1. Geographical location
• A) Definition - it is the spatial reltions and inter-relations of a given
territory with other objects of natural, political and socio-
economic character.
• - Natural character -
• - Political character -
• - Socio - economic character -
• B) Types of geographical location
• - Absolute - it does not cchange over time, includes astronomic
and natural-geographical location
• - Relative - it changes over time, includes economic and political
geographical location.
 1.1. Astronomic geographical location
Points North East
geographical geographical
latitude longitude
The northernmost - the mouth of the River 44⁰ 13' 22⁰ 40'
Timok (устието на река Тимок)

The southernmost - Mt. Veikata 41⁰ 14' 25⁰ 17'

(връх Вейката)
The easternmost - Cape Shabla 43⁰ 32' 28⁰ 36'
(нос Шабла)
The westernmost - Mt. Vrashka Chuka 43⁰ 48' 22⁰ 21'
(връх Връшка Чука)
• Total area of Bulgaria is 111 000 km² (110 994 km²).
• By area: 3th on the Balkans, 16th in Europe, 103th in
the World.
• The geographical centre of Bulgaria is located in the
Central Stara Planina in the Uzana area (местността
Узана) in the Shipchenska Stara Planina, 25 km
southeast of the city of Gabrovo at 1300 m above sea
level.
• The country is long by air from the West to the East -
520 km, and wide from the North to the South - 330
km.
• The distance between Bulgaria and the Greenwich
Meridian is 5100 km.
• The distance between Bulgaria and the Equator is
4600 km.
• According to the Greenwich Bulgaria is located in
the Eastern Hemisphere.
• According to the Equator our country is located in
the Northern Hemisphere.
 1.2. Natural geographical location
• On the border of temperate and subtropical climate
• The Black Sea
• The Danube river
• Near to the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara
• A lot of mountains, lowlands and valleys
• Great diversity of the geographical environment
• Cultivation of a wide variety of crops.
• Development of tourism, transport links and trade.
 1.3. Economic geographical location
A) Transport geographical location
- Transport corridors № 4, 7, 8, 9, 10.
- Ferry connections
B) Trade geographical location
- World Trade Organization - 1 December 1996
- CEFTA - 1998
- EU - 1 January 2007
- Free trade agreements
- 6 duty free trade zones - Vidin, Rouse, Dragoman, Plovdiv, Bourgas, Svilengrad
C) Tourist geographical location
 1.4. Political geographical location
• This type of geographical location shows the position
of the country on the World political map and
explains to some degree the processes of the
formation of its political borders.
• Membership of the country in various regional and
international organizations and unions such as: UN
(1955), NATO (2004), Organization of the Black Sea
economic cooperation (1992).
 2. Borders of Bulgaria
Borders Land River Sea Total

Northern (Romania) 139 km. 470 km. - 609 km.

Eastern (the Black Sea) - - 378 km. 378 km.
Southern (Turkey) 133 km. 126 km. - 259 km.
Southern (Greece) 429 km. 64 km. - 493 km.
Western (N. 165 km. - - 165 km.
Macedonia)
Western (Serbia) 315 km. 26 km. - 341 km.
Total length 1181 km. 686 km. 378 km. 2245
 A) Northern border with Romania
• Control border points:
- On the Danube river: Ferry connections- Vidin -
Kalafat, Rousse - Giurgiu, Svistov - Zimnich, Oryahovo -
Beket, Silistra - Kalarash, Lom - Rast, Nikopol - Turnu
Magurele, Tutrakan - Oltenitsa,
- On the land: Durankulak - Vama Veke, Kaynardzha -
Lipnitsa, Krushari - Dobromir, Yovkovo (Kardam) -
Karaomer.
• Ro-ro connection - allows combined modes of
transport of shipments, cars, and containers from
Western to Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
There are Ro-Ro connections between
• Vidin - Linz (Austria) - Vidin,
• Vidin - Passau (Germany) - Vidin,
• Rousse - Reni - Izmail (Ukraine).
 B) Eastern border - the Black Sea
• Ferry connections - Varna - Ilichovsk (Ukraine, in Odessa region),
Varna - Poti (Western Georgia) - Batumi (Southwest Georgia).
• The lines to Ukraine and Georgia are served by 4 ferry ships:
“Heroes of Odessa”, “Heroes of Sevastopol”, “Heroes of Pleven”,
“Heroes of Shipka”.
• There is also a ro-ro line Bourgass - Poti - Novorossiysk - Bourgass.
 C) Southern border with Turkey
• Control border points:
• Kapitan Andreevo - Kapa Kale,
• Lesovo - Hamzabeili,
• Malko Tarnovo - Derekjoi.
• Planning - Strandzha - Malkochlar, Belevren - Ahtala, Resovo -
Ineada.
 D) Southern border with Greece
• The control border points are:
• Makaza - Nimfeya, Kulata - Promahon, Ilinden - Eksohi,
Zlatograd - Termes, Ivailovgrad - Kiprinos, Kapitan Petko
Voivoda - Ormenion.
• Planning: Smolyan - Drama, Rudozem - Ksanti, Krumovgrad
- Komotini.
E) Western border with Northern Macedonia
• Control border points:
• Gueshevo - Deve bair (Kriva Palanka),
• Logadash(Stanke Lisichkovo) - Delchevo,
• Zlatarevo - Novo Selo.
• Planning: Simitli - Pehchevo, Strumyani - Bregovo, Nevestino
- Tsarevo Selo.
 F) Western border with Serbia
• Control border points:
• Bregovo - Mokranie,
• Vrashko Chuka - Zaichar,
• Kalotina - Gradina,
• Strezimirovtsi - Surduulitsa,
• Oltomantsi - Ribartsi.
• Planning: Salash - Novo Korito, Bankya - Petachintsi, Treklyano -
Bosilegrad.
3. Historical changes in the political borders and territory
of Bulgaria
A) Treaty of San
Stefano
3. 03. 1878
Area: 175 000 km²
B) Treaty of Berlin
13.07. 1878
Area: 62 140 km²
C) Unification of
Bulgaria
6. 09. 1885
Area: 96 345 km²
D) Treaty of London
30.05.1913
Area: 180 000 km²
E) Treaty of
Bucharest
10.08.1913
Area 111 836 km²
F) Treaty of Neilly
27. 11. 1919
Area: 103146 km²
G) Kraiovagreement
7.09. 1940
Area: 110 872 km²
H) Treaty of Paris
10.02. 1947
111 001 km²
 The END :)

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