DIVISIBILIT

Y
GROUP 2
OBJECTIVES:
• Define and enumerate prime numbers
• Discuss the sieve of Eratosthenes and
how it can be used to identify the prime
numbers.
• Use the Fundamental theorem of
Arithmetic to express a positive integer
as a product of primes
356 281
 DIVISIBILITY
DIVISIBILITY
● A kind of shortcut that helps us to identify if a
given number is divisible by a divisor by
examining its digits, without performing the long
division process.
● Divisibility rules help us determine the actual
divisor of a number just by considering the digits
of that number.
Divisibility by
Divisibility Rule
number

A number that is even or a

number whose last digit is an
Divisible by 2
even number, i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6,
and 8.
 The sum of all the
digits of the number
Divisible by 3
should be divisible by
3.
 The number formed
by the last two digits
Divisible by 4 of the number should
be divisible by 4 or
should be 00.
 Numbers having 0 or 5
Divisible by 5 as their ones place
digit.

A number that is
Divisible by 6 divisible by both 2 and
3.
 Subtracting twice the
last digit of the
Divisible by 7 number from the
remaining digits gives
a multiple of 7.
 The sum of all the digits
Divisible by
9 of the number should be
divisible by 9.

Divisible by Any number whose ones

10 place digit is 0.
 The difference of the
Divisible sums of the alternative
by 11 digits of a number is
divisible by 11.
 A number is divisible by
Divisible 13 if it leaves 0 as the
by 13 remainder when we
divide it by 13
 A number is divisible by
17 when 17 divides it
Divisible
completely without
by 17
leaving any non-zero
remainder
 If we get 0 as the
remainder when dividing a
Divisible
number by 19, then that
by 19
number is considered
divisible by 19
 PRIME NUMBERS
01
o A whole number greater
than 1 with only two
factors – themselves
and 1.
 PRIME
PRIME NUMBERS
NUMBERS
01
o Cannot be divided by any
other positive integers
without leaving a
remainder, decimal or
fraction.
An example of a prime number is 13. Its
only divisors are 1 and 13. Dividing a
prime number by another natural
number results in numbers leftover. e.g.
13 ÷ 6 = 2 remainder 1.
 What
What are
are the
the prime
prime numbers?
numbers?
01 There are 8 prime numbers under
o
20: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19.
o The first 10 prime numbers are 2,
3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29.
o There are 25 prime numbers
between 1 and 100.
 02
Sieve of
Eratosthenes
Definition
Definition of
of Sieve
Sieve According
According toto
Oxford
Oxford
"A utensil consisting of a wire or plastic
mesh held in a frame, used for straining
solids from liquids, for separating coarser
from finer particles, or for reducing soft
solids to a pulp,"
 Who
Who was
was Eratosthenes?
Eratosthenes?
Eratosthenes was born in the Greek colony
Cyrene.
A librarian, geographer, mathematician,
astronomer, historian, and poet.
He invented a system of longitude and latitude
and made a map of the known world.
 Who was Eratosthenes?
He accurately calculated Earth's
circumference in a time where no one
knows how big the Earth was.
Made a system for finding prime numbers
known as the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
 Sieve of Eratosthenes
o a method to find the prime numbers and
composite numbers among a group of
numbers.
Composite numbers
o The numbers that have more than two
factors
Sieve
Sieve of
of Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes -- How
How to
to separate
separate
prime
prime numbers
numbers from
from numbers
numbers 1-100
1-100
Step 1: Write numbers from 1 to 100. We're
going to circle the prime numbers and cross out
the non-prime numbers or the composite
numbers.
Step 2: Put a cross over 1, as it is neither a prime
number nor a composite.
Step 3: Encircle the number 2 and cross all
the multiples of 2.
Step 4: Next, encircle the number 3, and put
a cross over all the multiples of 3.
Step 5: Encircle the number 5 (since it has
only two factors), and put a cross over all
the multiples of 5.
Step 6: Encircle 7 and cross all the
multiples of 7.
Step 7: Encircle 11 and cross all the
multiples of 11.
Step 8: Continue the process unless all the
numbers are either encircled or crossed.
Therefore our prime numbers from 1-100 are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53,
59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, and 97
Fundamental
theorem of
Arithmetic
03
The Fundamental Theorem
of Arithmetic

"Any integer greater than

1" means the numbers 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, ... etc.
o A Prime Number is a
number that cannot be
exactly divided by any
other number (except 1 or
itself).
“product
“product of
of prime
prime numbers"
numbers" means
means that
that
we
we multiply
multiply prime
prime numbers
numbers together.
together.
So,
So, by
by multiplying
multiplying prime
prime numbers
numbers we
we
can
can create
create any
any other
other whole
whole number.
number.
Progress:
Example:
Example: 42 42
Can
Can we we make
make 42 42 by
by multiplying
multiplying only
only
prime
prime numbers?
numbers? Let's Let's see:
see:
22 ×× 33 ×× 77 == 42
42
Yes,
Yes, 2,2, 33 and
and 77 are
are prime
prime numbers,
numbers, and
and
when
when multiplied
multiplied together
together they
they make
make 42.
42.
Progress:
“unique
“unique product
product of of prime
prime numbers”
numbers”
means
means there
there isis only
only one
one (unique!)
(unique!) set
set of
of
prime
prime numbers
numbers that that will
will work
work
Example:
Example: we we just
just showed
showed that
that 42
42 is
is
made
made by by the
the prime
prime numbers
numbers 2,2, 33 and
and 7:7:
22 ×× 33 ×× 77 == 42
42 Progress:
Ignore the Order
Also, at the top I said "ignoring
the order". By that I mean:
2 × 11 = 22 is the same as
11 × 2 = 22 Progress:
https://www.cuemath.com/numbers/divisibility-rules/

https://thirdspacelearning.com/blog/what-is-a-prime-n
umber
/

https://byjus.com/maths/sieve-of-eratosthenes/

https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/fundamental-
theorem-arithmetic.html

—REFERENCES
—REFERENCES
GROUP
GROUP 22
CARLINE AIRA KAYE NIELLA JC
Thank
you!