ROCK

- Petrology is the scientific study of rocks.

- Rocks are combined aggregation of
minerals.
- Petrologist classified rocks based
on how they were formed.
Can you describe this rock?
Can you describe this rock?
Can you describe this rock?
TYPES OF
ROCKS
Three Types of Rocks
IGNEOUS

SEDIMENTARY

METAMORPHIC
 IGNEOUS ROCKS
• Latin “ignis” meaning fire.
• Formed when hot molten
rock cools and solidifies
• Classified based on where it is formed:
intrusive or extrusive.
Intrusive or Plutonic Igneous Rocks
- Are formed beneath the earth’s surface.
It is characterized by large crystal sizes visible
to the naked eye because they cool slowly.

They are
phaneritic.

Granite Diorite
Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous Rocks
- Are formed on the earth’s surface. These
are the rocks that form at erupting volcanoes.
- The magma, called lava when molten rock
erupts on the surface, cools and solidifies almost
instantly when it is exposed to the relatively cool
temperature of the atmosphere.
Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous Rocks
Examples:

They are
aphanitic

Basalt Pyroclastic rock

 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Formed when sediments
are transformed into solid
rock.
• 73% of Earth’s surface.
• May be formed by compaction and
cementation.
Compaction
- it happens when sediments are buried
deeply that it places them under the pressure
caused by the weight of the layers above.
- this tightens the grains of sediments
together, minimizing the pores and spaces.
Example: When sand, dirt, clay, and/or small
rocks are pressed together over time.
Rock formed by compaction . . .

They are dull, reddish-

brown, very fine grains
(smooth to the touch),
breaks easily.

SHALE
Cementation
- is the process by
which the water which
contains cementing
materials seeps through
the pores and spaces
between particles, binding
the particles together.
Types of sedimentary rocks include:
clastic sedimentary rocks,
biochemical sedimentary rocks, and
chemical sedimentary rocks.
• clastic sedimentary rocks – cemented, non-
organic sediments. Pieces of other rocks.
• biochemical sedimentary rocks – formed from
remnant of plants and animals such as shells.
• Chemical sedimentary rocks – formed by
chemical precipitation that begins when water
traveling through rocks dissolve some of the
minerals.
 METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• Formed by metamorphism of protolith through
changes in pressure or temperature.
• Metamorphism -
transformation of one
rock type into another.
• There are two types of
metamorphism: regional & contact
1. Regional - due to
changes in pressure
over large region of the
crust. It may happen
when rock is buried
deep below the surface
of the earth.
2. Contact - the rock
minerals and textures
are changed mainly
by heat due to
contact with magma.
 METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• May be formed beneath
the Earth’s surface or by
tectonic plates collision.
• Can be broadly
classified as foliated or
non-foliated.
 Foliated Non-Foliated
Subjected to unequal Subjected to uniform
pressure. pressure.
Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks:

Granite to Gneiss Sandstone to Schist

Examples of Non- foliated metamorphic rocks:

Marble Quartzite
Ding, ang
bato!
Activity: Venn Diagram
Fill in the Venn
Diagram to
determine the
similarities and
differences of
the three types
of rocks.
 Performance Task #3: Picture Perfect!
Collect at least five rock samples in your place
and take a photo of the samples. Describe the
characteristics of each rock depending on their
appearance, texture and color. Then classify them
as to igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock.
Place the photo of rocks on the box and the needed
data on the space provided.