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Air Quality of Jakarta

Conditions, Challenges and Priorities
Dr. Ir. Oswar Muadzin Mungkasa
Deputy Governor of Jakarta for Spatial and Environment Affairs
Republic of Indonesia

Andono Warih
Environmental Agency of Government of DKI Jakarta

Air Quality Management Policy Exchange Workshop

Taipei, 3 – 6 June 2018

Pemerintah Provinsi
DKI Jakarta
 Outline

 Jakarta at A Glance
 Air Quality of DKI Jakarta
 Jakarta Air Quality Monitoring System
 Jakarta Air Quality Improvement Program
 Challenges
 What Next

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JAKARTA AT A GLANCE
• Land area : 661,5 Km2
• Sea Area : 6.977,7 Km2
• Total population 10.177.924 people
• Day time population 12 million
including commuters from surrounding
cities (JABOTEDABEKPUNJUR)
• Population Density: 13.000 to 15.000
people per km2

• Total Number of motorized vehicles:

18 Millions units (motorcycle = 13,3
Million units, Private Car = 3,6
Millions units, and the rest are heavy
vehicles and buses)
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 AIR QUALITY

POLLUTION STANDARD INDEX (PSI)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Category
Day(s) % Day(s) % Day(s) % Day(s) % Day(s) %

Good 4 1% 12 3% 43 12% 26 12% 43 12%

Moderate 144 40 % 256 70% 258 71% 245 71% 212 58%
Unhealthy 190 52 % 89 24% 64 17% 93 17% 210 30%
Very
27 7% 8 3% 0 0% 1 0% 0 0%
Unhealthy
Hazardous 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total days
365 100% 365 100% 365 100% 365 100% 365 100%
counted

Note: PSI is calculated by using 5 parameters: PM-10, CO, NO2, SO2 and O3
 AIR QUALITY
µg/m3
Annual Average of PM-10 Concentration
160.00

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

PM10 Linear (PM10) Standards

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 AIR QUALITY
mg/m3
Annual Average of CO Consentration
10.00

9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

CO Linear (CO) Standards

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 AIR QUALITY
µg/m 3
100.00
Annual Average of NO2 Concentrations
90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

NO2 Linear (NO2) Standards

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 AIR QUALITY
µg/m3

Annual Average of SO2 Concentration

300.00

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

SO2 Linear (SO2) Standards

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 MONITORING SYSTEM
- Jakarta Province Government has been managing its own Automatic
Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Stations since 2010;
- Currently there are 5 units Fixed-Monitoring Stations covering 5
Administrative Cities in Jakarta (Central, West, North, East and
South Jakarta), and 1 unit mobile station for mobile measurement;
- Monitoring result is reported in the form of Air Pollution Standards
Index and displayed on
https://llhd.jakarta.go.id/
http://smartcity.jakarta.go.id/maps/;
MONITORING SYSTEM
 MONITORING SYSTEM
JMS DKI1 DKI2 DKI3 DKI4 DKI5

Data Center (DC)

Display Board & Website
 MAIN SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

Sources SO2 NOx PM10 HC CO

Power Plant 41.938 17.921 2.190 694 2.064
Industrial 3.873 2.348 1.042 25.762 29.180
Residential 218 840 33 34 223
Transportation 6.323 108.617 10.339 219.277 1.153.155
TOTAL 52.352 129.726 13.604 245.767 1.184.622
Unit : ton/year

• Transportation is the major contributor of air pollutants for

parameters: NOx (84%), PM10/dust (76%), Hydrocarbons
(89%), and Carbon monoksida (90%)

• Power Plant is the main sources contributor of SO2 (80%)

 AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS

1. Substitution kerosene with LPG for

cooking;
2. Fuel Gas for public transportations (BRT
and Bajaj);
3. Odd-Even Traffic Control System
(on odd dates, only plate numbers ending
in odd numbers are allowed to enter the
toll road between 6am and 9am. On even
dates, it is the same for vehicles with
plates ending in even numbers);
4. Industrial chimney emission inspections;
5. Car-free Day every Sunday
 MAIN CHALLENGES
1. Reviving Emission Test for Private Passenger Cars
a. Started in 2007, so called Inspection and Maintenance
Program launched as an effort to control private passenger
cars emission;
b. 610 mechanics and selected 238 repair shops got involve in
the program;
c. Every year around 20,000 units of passenger cars have their
emission checked voluntarily (up to day the program still cannot
be enforced mandatorily in the process of vehicle’s
tax/registration number renewal)

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 MAIN CHALLENGES
2. Low Public Awareness causing by the Information Gap in
the Community
a. Currently, the emission test is still run as a movement campaign to
improve cars’ emission and the air quality as well eventually.
Hence, it is important to maintain public awareness and
participation;
b. A Mobile Apps, E-Uji Emisi, is now under development to make
easier for car’s owner/publics to get the access to the repair shops’
emission test services.

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E- UJI EMISI MOBILE APPS

- E-UJI EMISI Pemprov DKI

Jakarta can be easily
downloaded from Google
Play Store;
- Can be easily used by car’s
owners, repair shop’s
owner, inspectors, and
public in general.

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The Menus:

a) Finding Repair Shops providing

emission test service, their locations
and the route from your current
location by Google Maps
(BENGKEL UJI EMISI);

b) Checking the history of a car’s

emission test results (SEJARAH UJI
EMISI);

c) Registering a car’s identity into data

base before having its emission tested
by a repair shop (PENDAFTARAN
KENDARAAN);
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The Menus:

d) Bar code Scanning to know emission

test’s status of a car presenting (to the
inspectors) a printed test certificate
provided previously by a repair shop
(HASIL UJI EMISI);

e) Registering a repair shop as an

approved emission test service provider
(PENDAFTARAN BENGKEL);

f) Emission test related information:

regulations, emission standard, events,
etc (INFORMASI UJI EMISI);

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A). Finding A Repair Shop

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B). Checking A Car’s Test History

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C). Registering A Car’s Identity

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D). Bar Code Scanning To Know Test Status

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E). Registering A Emission Test Provider

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F). Emission Test Related Information

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 What Next
1. Grand Design of Air Pollution
To make sure all
Jakarta Has Launched 5 Stakeholders have
GRAND DESIGNS the Same Vision

As Problem
Solving Tools

COLLABORATIVE
APPROACH
Collaborative
Governance

THE OUTPUT

• Vision and Mission

• Main Targets and Main Issues
• Policy and Strategy
• Road Map
• Action Plan
• Grand Design and Partnership with
external agency will be very important.
2. Benchmarking, and learn from Taiwan's Vehicles Emission
Test Successful Program
 Thank You for Your Attention!
For More Info, contact:
Oswar Mungkasa
• pitt.academia.edu/oswarmungkasa
• tarulh.com
• Oswar.mungkasa63@gmail.com
• Office: +62-21-382-2093
Mr. Andono Warih
Enviroment Agency
Jakarta Province Government
Phone: + 62-21- 8092744
Mobile:+62-813-813-08898
E-mail: awarih@gmail.com
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