RIVER TRAINING AND BANK PROTECTION

River Training

 River training implies various measures adopted on a river to

direct and guide the river flow, to train and regulate the river
bed or to increase the low water depth
 The purpose of river training is to establish the channel along a
certain alignment

Objects
 High flood discharge may pass safely and quickly through the reach
 Sediment load including bed and suspended load may be transported
efficiently
 To make the river course stable and reduce bank erosion to minimum
 To provide a sufficient draft for navigation as well as good course for it
 To fix the direction of flow through certain reach
Classification of River Training Works

Keeping in view the river training, it can be classified into

following:
 High Water Training: This is called training for discharge.
The river is trained to provide sufficient and efficient cross
sectional area for the expeditious passage of maximum
flood. It concerns mainly with alignment and height of
embankment for an given flood discharge
 Low Water Training: The river is trained to provide sufficient
depth for navigation during low stage of water. This is also
called training for depth and is usually achieved by
contraction in width of the channel
 Mean Water Training: In this case the river is trained to
correct the configuration of river bed for the efficient
transport of sediment load in order to keep the channel in
good shape. It can be called training for sediment
Types of River Training Works

Various types of river training and control works are:

 Guide Bank System
 Groynes or spurs
 Levees or embankment
 Bank protection and pitched banks
 Pitched Islands
 Miscellaneous Methods
 River training without embankments
 Bandalling
Guide Bunds or Banks

 Alluvial rivers in flood plains spread over a very large area during floods and it
would be very costly to provide bridges or any other structure across the entire
natural spread. It is necessary to narrow down and restrict its course to flow
axially through the diversion structure. Guide bunds are provided for this purpose
of guiding the river flow past the diversion structure without causing damage to it
and its approaches. They are constructed on either or both on the upstream and
downstream of the structure and on one or both the flanks as required.
 It was first designed by Bell in whose honor it is also known as Bell’s Bund
 The design was further developed by Spring and is known as Guide Bank
Guide Bunds or Banks
Guide Bunds or Banks

Classification of Guide Bunds

Guide bunds can be classified according to their form in plan as :
(i) divergent,
(ii) convergent, and
(iii) parallel

According to their geometrical shape as

(iv)straight and
(v) elliptical with circular or multi-radii curved head.
Guide Bunds or Banks

shoal

DIVERGENT UPSTREAM
DIVERGENT

shoal
Guide Bunds or Banks
 In case of the divergent guide bunds, the approach embankment
gets relatively less protection under worst possible embankment
and hence divergent guide bunds require a longer length for the
same degree of protection as would be provided by parallel guide
bunds. They also induce oblique flow on to the diversion structure
and give rise to tendency of shoal formation in the centre due to
larger waterway between curved heads. In case of the oblique
approaching flow, it becomes obligatory to provide divergent
guide bunds to keep the flow active in the spans adjacent to
them.
 The convergent guide bunds have the disadvantage of excessive
attack and heavy scour at the head and shoaling all along the
shank rendering the end bays inactive.
 Parallel guide bunds with suitable curved head have been found
to give uniform flow from the head of guide bunds to the axis of
the diversion structure.
Guide Bunds or Banks

In the case of elliptical guide bunds, due to gradual change in

the curvature, the flow is found to hug the bunds all along
their lengths whereas in case of the straight guide bunds,
separation of flow is found to occur after the curved head,
leading to obliquity of flow. Elliptical guide bunds have also
been found to provide better control on development and
extension of meander loop towards the approach
embankment.
Guide Bunds or Banks

 The guide bank usually consists of a heavily built embankment

in the shape of bell mouth on both sides of constricted channel
 Usually only one embankment is required if the other side is a
high and stable bank
 The remaining side of the river is covered by ordinary
embankment
Guide Bunds or Banks

Figure: Guide Bund

 Design Considerations of Guide Bund

 The design of a guide bank involves the following considerations:

 The ultimate width to which an alluvial river can be constricted may
be computed from the relation
L = 4.75√Q, Where, Q=Estimated maximum discharge in cumecs

i
Design Considerations of Guide Bund
Design Considerations of Guide Bund
Design Considerations of Guide Bund
 Problem-1

Design a guide bank required for a bridge on a river having the

following particulars:
Design flood discharge : 50000 cumecs
Silt factor : 1.10
Bed level of river : 130.00 m
High flood level : 140.00 m
Also find out the volume of stone required per m length of the guide
bank
GROYNES
GROYNES
Attracting Groyne
Repelling Groyne
Deflecting Groyne
Length of Groyne

Spacing of Groyne
 Impermeable Groynes

Permeable Groynes
Marginal Bund or Levees
Bank Protection

purpose
Bank Protection
Sheet Pile
Riprap

below:
Gabions
Groynes
Guide Bank
 Guide Bank
G
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Falling Aprons
Falling Aprons

B
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