Political &

Economic
Changes
Kristen Mendez, Esean Eder, Sophia Bayer, Jadyn Espineli, Zachary Fernando, Jade
Dayrit, Margaux Mendoza, Kurt De Guzman

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Political
Changes

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 Political
Changes
Spanish Arrival

- Before the Spaniards came to

the Philippines, the natives
lived indifferent barangays.
The country didn’t have a
national government. Each
barangay was ledby a datu
with greatpowers. Datu had
the power to make and apply
laws,and serve as the judge
to fix conflicts or
arguements.

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 Political
Spanish Arrival
• Changes
When the Spaniards arrived, the
Philippines was administered by
the vice-royalty of Mexico from
1565 to 1621. When Spain cut
its ties with Mexico, King
Charles I of Spain carried out
the Council of the Indies to
administer the Spanish colonies.

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 National
Spain ruled over theGovernment
Philippines for 333 years, from 1565 to 1898. since
Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands through
the government of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony. When
Mexico took back its freedom in 1821, the Spanish king ruled the
Philippines through a governor general. A special government body that
managed matters, referring to the colonies assisted the king in this respect.
This body
became known by many names. Council of the Indies (1565-1837), Overseas
Council (1837-1863), and Ministry of the Colonies (1863–1898). It applied
the orders and legal codes Spain spread although many of its services could
not apply to condition in the colonies. It also used legislative and judicial
powers.

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National
Political Structure
Government
Spain established a
national colonial
government in
the Philippines that was
composed of a national
government and the local
governments that managed
provinces, cities, towns
and communities.

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National
Royal Audiencia
Government
Apart from its judicial functions,
the Royal Audiencia served as
an
helping body to the Governor General
and had the power to check and a
report on his abuses. The Audiencia
also checked the cost of the colonial
government and sent a yearly report to
Spain. The Archbishop and other
government officials could also report
the abuses of the colonial government
to be Spanish king.

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 Local Government:
~ The Provincial
Spaniards created Local Government Units (LGU) for the
provinces. There were two types of local government units:
ALCALDIA - this was led by the alcade mayor, governed the provinces
that have been fully conquered: under Spanish control already Salary:
300php a month.
CORRIGIMIENTO - Also known as Municipal government was headed
by Corregidor, governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under
Spanish control.

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 Local
Duties of The
Government Arcade
Mayor:
-Represented the Spanish
king & the Governor-
General.
-Managed day-to-day
behavior of the
provincial government.
-Added laws and took care
of the collection of taxes.

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 Towns
The Municipal Government:
~ Each province was divided into
a few towns or pueblos headed
by Gobernadorcillo which
means Little Governor.
Main Duties: Efficient
governance and tax
collection.
~ They had small payments but
were exempted from paying
taxes.

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 Towns
Qualifications, Gobernadorcillo:
~ Any Native or Chinese Meztizo
~ They have to be 25 years old
~ They’re able to read and write in oral or written
Spanish Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years

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 Towns
The Municipal Government
• Cabeza de Barangay or Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain was the
leader or chief of a Barangay or barrio in the Philippines during the
Spanish colonial period.
• They were responsible for the peace and order of the barrio.
• They recruited men for public works.
• Qualifications:
• Cabeezas should know Spanish and have good characteristics and
property.
• Cabeezas who served 25 years were free from forced labor.

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 Cities
• The towns which were thought to be economically
developedand active in politics were hiredinto cities.
They were called ayuntamientos that were governed
by the city council or cabildo. These were led by
the alcalde, councilors orregidores, aguacil mayor
(constabularyhead), and an escribano (clerk). The first
cities in the country were Manila, Naga, Cebu, Vigan, Jaro,
and Arevalo.
•

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Economic
Changes

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 Economic
• The Changes
Filipinos were already involved in
trade even before the Spaniards came.
The barangays were alreadytrading
products and produce using barter, the
exchange of goods without the use of
money.Our ancestors also traded with
neighboring countries.
•
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 Economic
Changes
Philippines also is a very rich country. The
arrival of the Spanish changes our economy
and the way people made a living. These are
economic changes by Spain.

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 Galleon
Trade
Galleon Trade - The Manila
galleons were Spanish
treasure ships which
transported precious goods
like silk, spices, and
porcelain from Manila in the
Philippines to Acapulco,
Mexico, between 1565 and
1815.

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The Cargo

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Threats
&
Captures

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 Economic
The End of the Changes
Manila Galleons- The Manila galleons
remained vital to Spain's trade within its empire until around
1785 when the Philippines were finally opened up to other
European traders.

Tobacco Monopoly- The Tobacco Monopoly refers to the 1782

economic program of Spanish Governor General Jose V. Basco, in
which tobacco production in the Philippines was under total
control of the government.

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 Economic
Forced Production
Changes
Forced Production - By March 2, 1782
tobacco production was established in Luzon,
with La Union, Ilocos, Abra, Cagayan Valley
and Nueva Ecija (still part of Pampanga at the
time) as the centers for planting, growing,
harvesting and processing tobacco.

Results of Forced Production- By 1850 the

tobacco monopoly was producing
immense financial gain for the colonial
government.
Behind the great financial success of the
tobacco monopoly however, was the anger of
Filipinos who were exploited by the
monopoly.

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 Economic
Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais
Changes
• This program wanted to develop agriculture
and industry and add to trading inthe country
by growing new crops such as spices,
cotton, and indigo. He established the
first agriculturalschool in the country and
imported farm machinery and equipment
from the United States.
•
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Opening of Manila to World
Trade Economic Changes
Governor-General Félix
Berenguer de Marquina
asked that the King of Spain
open Manila to world
commerce. Also, the
bankruptcy of the Real
Compaña de Filipinas (Royal
Company of the
Philippines) made the
Spanish king to open Manila
to world trade.
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 Economic
Opening of Manila to World a Trade
Changes
Philippines that was opened to world trade
by 1834.
~ In 1834 Spain opened the Philippine ports to
internationalfree trade. Until then, Philippine
agriculture had produced little more than a
subsistence plus the small surplus that local
markets could absorb.

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 Economic
Changes
The New System of Transportation
& Communication

Before, the new system of

transportation and
communication was established
for transportation system, the
traveller who were crossing from
city to city, they used maps,
compass, and their guide for
travel was the lighthouse. The
communication system, they
used telegrams and telephone
system.
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 Economic
Establishment of
Changes Banks in The Philippines
In 1939, as required by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, the Philippine government passed a
law establishing a central bank. As it was a monetary law, it required the approval of the
United States president.
Because the country was already open to world trade, banks were also established for an
orderly system of banking. Once established, the obras pias were thought as the
country's first banking institutions. Rich families placed their money for the church and
other charitable causes here. obras pias were overseen by cofradias are associations. The
obras pias provided funding during the Galleon Trade to traders with 20–50 percent
interest.
The first savings bank, the Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros, was established in 1882.
Well established in the country. Band was the first Spanish bank to open in the country.
During the reign of Isabel II, now known as the Bank of the Philippine Islands, General
Antonio Urbiztondo is the governor.

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 Thank
You!
Kristen Mendez, Esean Eder, Sophia Bayer, Jadyn Espineli, Zachary Fernando, Jade Dayrit, Margaux Mendoza, Kurt De
Guzman

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