ADVANCE DESIGN STUDIO-

HVAC SYSTEM IN RESTAURANT

ADVANCE DESIGN STUDIO- HVAC SERVIVES

1
ABHISHEK LANDE
RANJITH KUMAR
IN RESTAURANT KARTHICK P
What Is a Restaurant HVAC System?

A restaurant HVAC system is a commercial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system used in restaurants. While people
sometimes use “HVAC” and “AC” interchangeably, “AC” just refers to cooling of the air.
HVAC systems control the temperature of your venue and promote the proper circulation and ventilation of air in a space. A
restaurant’s system can be comprised of multiple parts, such as:
•A furnace for heat
•Ventilators for promoting air circulation
•Air conditioning units for cooling the air
•Makeup air units for replacing air exhausted by kitchen hoods
•Ductwork for circulating hot and cold air
•A thermostat for controlling your space’s temperature
You may be familiar with many of these components from your home’s HVAC system. The primary difference between
what you may find at home versus what’s used in a restaurant is the size of the system. Commercial HVAC systems are
larger than home systems because they service larger spaces.

What Is a Makeup Air Unit?

One part of a restaurant HVAC system you may not be familiar with from your home’s system is a makeup air unit.
Makeup air units should not be overlooked because they are a critical part of the HVAC system for restaurants.
A makeup air unit replaces the air exhausted from exhaust hood fans in the kitchen with fresh, temperature-controlled
air from outside. In other words, it “makes up” the air removed from the hood. If you haven’t noticed a makeup air unit in
your restaurant, check the roof; that’s where they’re typically installed.
Restaurant makeup air units are important for improving indoor air quality, removing airborne pollutants and
contaminants, making your kitchen less stuffy, and preventing food smells from entering neighboring spaces. Because
they add new, clean air to a space, having a good quality makeup air unit is especially important during the pandemic.
Why Restaurant HVAC Systems Are So Important
HVAC systems are the unsung heroes of many commercial spaces, including restaurants. They’re critical to maintaining good
indoor air quality, making guests feel comfortable, improving working conditions in the kitchen, and more.
Below are just a few of the reasons to invest in a high-quality restaurant HVAC system.

Improve Ventilation and Air Filtration

Since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been heightened importance on restaurant cleaning and ventilation. An
upgraded HVAC system can help you maximize air quality in your restaurant by improving ventilation and filtration.
Ventilation, makeup air, and air conditioning units circulate air throughout your restaurant. They work together to create a
safe and comfortable environment for diners and staff.
Additionally, and most importantly, filtration helps remove airborne pollutants and contaminants. After all, unventilated air
can breed viruses, mold, and bacteria.

Control Kitchen Temperatures and Air Quality

Kitchens are known for getting hot and stuffy – the

air gets filled with smoke from the stove, grease
from the fryer, and heat from the oven. Without
proper HVAC equipment, kitchens can be
uncomfortable – and dangerous – places to work.
Exhaust hoods and makeup air units make kitchen
air less stifling, while air conditioning units cool the
air to make it more comfortable to work in. Finally,
ventilators keep unhealthy, smoky air from impeding
staff’s health and performance. As a result, HVAC
systems are critical to creating a safe work
environment for your back-of-house team.
Restrict Odors
Everyone loves delicious food smells, but diners probably don’t want to leave your restaurant smelling like fried onions or
choking on smoke from the kitchen. Exhaust hoods and makeup air units prevent food smells from seeping from the kitchen
into the dining room, creating a better atmosphere for both guests and employees.

Reduce Energy Loss

Professionally-installed HVAC systems are designed to efficiently control air temperature. They help you keep cold air in
when it’s hot outside, and warm air in when it’s cold outside.
For example, central air conditioning units are more efficient than fans. Air conditioning systems temper air, while fans simply
recirculate the same air.
Plus, the latest HVAC systems have energy-saving smart thermostats that let you control temperatures remotely and learn your
behavior to strike a balance between comfortable air temperatures and lower bills. Money-saving features like this are
especially important during slower months, when demand for restaurants is lower than normal and increasing efficiency is
critical to business longevity.

Lower Risks Associated with Depressurization

The depressurization of air within a building is a little-known risk to those outside of the HVAC industry. Depressurization is
what happens when too much air is taken out of your space through an exhaust hood, but the air isn’t replaced. Negative air
pressure can be dangerous.
Depressurization can allow toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO) to flow inside your space instead of escaping it, which
can give your staff and guests headache-inducing carbon monoxide poisoning. Make sure your makeup air system is
properly functioning to avoid depressurization and keep everyone safe.
 Keep Diners Safe and Comfortable
Perhaps the biggest benefit of restaurant HVAC systems is that they provide diners with a safe and
comfortable environment.
Air circulation and ventilation give diners peace of mind by filtering out airborne contaminants like viruses
and mold. Advertising to guests that you recently upgraded your HVAC system may make them more willing
to dine at your restaurant because they know that you’ve invested in improving your indoor air quality.

Beyond safety, heating and air conditioning helps to keep diners comfortably warm in the winter and cool
in the summer. While we’re on the subject: don’t forget to winterize your restaurant’s patio to let guests dine
outdoors year-round – outdoor heaters are a must!

Additionally, proper exhaust reduces smells

from escaping from the kitchen and
overwhelming diners. Guests shouldn’t leave
your restaurant smelling like lunch!
And finally, proper air pressurization keeps
guests safe from CO poisoning, which is a
win-win for your diners, who won’t go home
with a headache, and for your business, which
will avoid lawsuits.
While HVAC systems are often overlooked,
there’s no question that they play a critical role
in regulating your restaurant’s environment.
What Is Ventilation ?

Why Fresh Air Matters For Indoor Quality?

Ventilation is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide fresh air and improve indoor air quality. It
involves the removal of stale air and its replacement with fresh outdoor air. This process is essential for removing moisture,
odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and other pollutants from an indoor environment.
The primary purpose of ventilation is to maintain good air quality in indoor spaces. It does this by diluting and displacing
indoor pollutants. Without proper ventilation, indoor air can become filled with high concentrations of pollutants and
airborne pathogens that can be harmful to health and comfort.

Fresh air is vital for various reasons:

•Health: Breathing in fresh air, as opposed to stale or polluted indoor air, reduces the risk of airborne diseases and
respiratory issues. Pollutants may accumulate in poorly ventilated spaces, leading to health problems over time.
•Comfort: A well-ventilated space can prevent the buildup of odors and excess humidity, ensuring a comfortable indoor
environment.
•Building Health: Proper ventilation can prevent damage to the building envelope from excess moisture, which can lead to
mold growth and structural damage.
•Energy Efficiency: While it may seem counterintuitive, bringing in fresh outdoor air can sometimes help maintain the
desired temperature and humidity levels in a building, reducing the strain on heating and cooling systems and potentially
lowering cooling costs.
•Safety: In spaces with combustion appliances, ventilation is crucial to prevent the buildup of harmful gases, such as carbon
dioxide and radon.
In essence, ventilation plays a pivotal role in ensuring that the air within our homes, offices, and other indoor spaces is clean,
fresh, and safe to breathe. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
provides guidelines on recommended ventilation rates to ensure optimal indoor air quality.
Components Of Ventilation
Ventilation is a complex system that ensures the continuous flow of fresh air into a space and the removal of stale or
polluted air. To achieve this, various components work in tandem, each playing a specific role. Here’s a breakdown of the
primary components of a ventilation system:

Intake And Exhaust Vents

•Intake Vents: These are openings or ducts that allow fresh outdoor air to enter a building. They are typically located in
areas where the air is cleanest, away from sources of pollution.
•Exhaust Vents: These vents expel stale or polluted air from the building. They are commonly found in areas like kitchens
and bathrooms where moisture and odors accumulate.
Fans
•Mechanical ventilation systems rely on fans to move air. There are various types of fans, including axial, centrifugal, and
cross-flow, each suited for specific applications. Fans can either draw in fresh air (supply fans) or push out stale air (exhaust
fans).
Ducts
•Ducts are channeling that transport air throughout a building. They connect different parts of a ventilation system, ensuring
that air flows smoothly from intake to exhaust.
Filters
•Many ventilation systems incorporate filters to clean incoming air. Filters can trap particles, allergens, and sometimes even
gases, ensuring that the introduced air is free from pollutants.
Dampers
These are adjustable plates located within the ductwork. Dampers control the flow of air, allowing for adjustments based on
the needs of the space.
Heat Exchangers
•Found in energy recovery ventilation systems, heat exchangers transfer heat from outgoing stale air to incoming fresh air
during cold weather (and vice versa during warm weather). This process conserves energy by reducing the load on heating
or cooling systems.
Sensors And Controls
•Modern ventilation systems often incorporate sensors that monitor factors like temperature, humidity, and air quality.
Based on the data from these sensors, controls can adjust the ventilation rate, ensuring optimal indoor conditions.
Grilles And Diffusers
•These components help in the even distribution of air within a space. While grilles are protective or decorative covers for
openings, diffusers evenly distribute air, preventing drafts or hot/cold spots.
Make-Up Air Units
•In spaces where significant amounts of air are exhausted, like commercial kitchens, make-up air units introduce fresh air to
balance the air pressure and prevent negative pressure situations.
Humidifiers/Dehumidifiers
•Depending on the climate and the specific needs of a space, ventilation systems might incorporate devices to add or
remove moisture from the air, ensuring comfort and preventing issues like mold growth.
Types Of Ventilation
Ventilation is a crucial component of any building design, ensuring that indoor air remains fresh and free from pollutants.
The type of ventilation chosen for a space can vary based on the building’s purpose, design, and climatic conditions. Here’s a
breakdown of the primary types of ventilation:

1. Natural Ventilation
This type of ventilation relies on natural driving forces like wind and temperature differences to circulate air. It’s the most
traditional form and involves the use of windows and doors, as well as other openings, to allow fresh outdoor air to replace
indoor air. Natural ventilation is often preferred for its energy efficiency and ability to provide a connection with the
outdoor environment.
2. Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation systems use fans and ductwork to move air in and out of a building. There are several types of
mechanical ventilation:
•Supply Ventilation: Brings in fresh air from outside, creating a positive pressure that pushes stale air out through leaks
and openings.
•Exhaust Ventilation: Removes air from specific areas (e.g., bathrooms) where pollutants or moisture might accumulate,
creating a negative pressure.
•Balanced Ventilation Systems: These systems both supply fresh air and exhaust stale air, ensuring a balanced flow of air
throughout the building.
•Energy Recovery Ventilation: These systems recover energy from exhausted air and use it to precondition incoming fresh
air, reducing energy loss.
3. Hybrid Ventilation
A combination of natural and mechanical ventilation systems, hybrid systems use mechanical aids to enhance the
effectiveness of natural ventilation, especially during periods when natural forces might not be sufficient.
4. Spot Ventilation
This type targets specific areas of a building, using exhaust fans or supply fans. Examples include exhaust fans in
bathrooms or ceiling fans in living areas.
5. Whole House Ventilation
As the name suggests, this type provides uniform ventilation throughout an entire building. It’s especially useful in tightly
sealed homes where natural ventilation may not be adequate.
6. Positive Pressure Ventilation
This system introduces air into a building, usually after filtering and tempering it, to create a positive pressure. This ensures
that any uncontrolled air leakage is from inside to outside, reducing the entry of pollutants.
7. Negative Pressure Ventilation
Opposite to positive pressure systems, these systems exhaust air from the building, ensuring that any uncontrolled air
entering the building is from outside to inside.
Each type of ventilation serves a specific purpose and is suited to particular building designs, climates, and requirements.
For instance, in warm and humid climates, exhaust ventilation systems might be more appropriate to remove moist air and
prevent mold growth. Conversely, in colder regions, energy recovery ventilation can help in conserving heat.

How Ventilation Systems Work

Understanding how ventilation systems work is crucial for ensuring optimal indoor air quality and energy efficiency. The
operation of these systems can vary based on their design and the specific needs they address. Here’s an overview of how
different ventilation systems function:

1. Natural Ventilation System

•Principle: Natural ventilation systems work based on the principle of natural driving forces like wind and temperature
differences.
•Operation: When there’s a temperature difference between the inside and outside of a building, it creates a pressure
difference. This pressure difference, combined with the effects of wind, drives the flow of air through openings like
windows and doors. For instance, warm air rises and exits through upper openings, drawing in cooler air from lower
openings.
2. Mechanical Ventilation Systems
•Principle: These systems use mechanical components, such as fans and ductwork, to control the flow of air.
•Operation: Fans either draw in fresh air from outside (supply ventilation) or expel stale air from inside (exhaust
ventilation). In balanced ventilation systems, both processes happen simultaneously, ensuring a consistent airflow. Energy
recovery ventilation systems work by capturing energy from the outgoing air and using it to treat the incoming air,
optimizing energy efficiency.

3. Hybrid Ventilation
•Principle: Combines the benefits of natural and mechanical systems.
•Operation: Typically, the system will rely on natural ventilation when conditions are favorable (e.g., mild temperatures
and adequate wind). When natural forces aren’t sufficient, mechanical systems kick in to assist.

4. Spot Ventilation
•Principle: Target specific areas or rooms.
•Operation: Exhaust fans in bathrooms or kitchens remove moisture and odors directly from the source. Supply fans might
introduce fresh air into specific rooms.

5. Whole House Ventilation

•Principle: Provide consistent ventilation throughout an entire building.
•Operation: These systems often combine supply and exhaust ventilation to ensure that fresh air is introduced and stale air
is removed uniformly across all rooms.

6. Positive And Negative Pressure Ventilation

•Principle: Control the direction of airflow based on pressure differences.
•Operation: Positive pressure systems introduce air, creating a higher pressure indoors and causing air to flow out.
Negative pressure systems work in reverse, exhausting air and causing outdoor air to be drawn in.
The effectiveness of ventilation systems work also depends on factors like the airtightness of a building, the positioning of
openings, and the design of the ductwork. Properly designed systems ensure that there’s adequate airflow, minimizing areas
where stale air or pollutants may accumulate.
Natural Ventilation Vs. Mechanical Ventilation
Ventilation is essential for maintaining good indoor air quality, but the method of achieving this can vary. Two primary
approaches are natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice
between them often depends on the specific needs of a building and its occupants.
1. Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation relies on natural forces, such as wind and temperature differences, to move air in and out of a building. It
typically involves the use of windows, doors, and other openings.
Advantages:
1.Energy Efficiency: Since it doesn’t rely on mechanical systems, natural ventilation can be more energy efficient, leading
to reduced energy costs.
2.Connection with Nature: It provides a direct connection with the outdoor environment, enhancing occupants’ well-being.
3.Low Maintenance: Without mechanical components, there’s less that can break down or require maintenance.
4.Improved Air Quality: Continuous flow of fresh outdoor air can dilute indoor pollutants effectively.
Limitations:
5.Less Control: It’s harder to regulate temperature and airflow, especially during extreme weather conditions.
6.Security Concerns: Leaving windows and doors open can pose security risks.
7.Potential for Pollutant Entry: In areas with high outdoor air pollution, natural ventilation might introduce pollutants into
indoor spaces.
8.Inconsistency: Wind and temperature can be unpredictable, leading to inconsistent ventilation rates.
2. Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation systems use fans, ducts, and other mechanical components to control the flow of air in and out of a
building.
Advantages:
1.Control: Provides consistent and controlled air flow, regardless of external conditions.
2.Flexibility: Can target specific areas (spot ventilation) or the whole house.
3.Filtered Air: Many systems have filters that can remove outdoor air pollutants before introducing the air indoors.
4.Humidity Control: Some mechanical ventilation systems can control indoor humidity levels, which is essential in humid
climates or spaces like bathrooms.
Limitations:
5.Energy Consumption: These systems require energy to operate, potentially increasing energy costs.
6.Maintenance: Mechanical systems have components that can wear out and require regular maintenance.
7.Initial Costs: Installation of mechanical ventilation systems can be more expensive than simply using openings for
natural ventilation.
Air Conditioning Systems for Restaurants
Types of Air Conditioning For Restaurants
There are a few types of systems that are ideal for restaurant spaces. When it comes to choosing the right air conditioning
system for your restaurant, there are a few of things to consider:
1.The size of the space that you are looking to cool
2.The visual aesthetic that you want to maintain
3.Property restrictions or space limitations

Wall Mounted AC

Wall-mounted air conditioning systems are the most cost effective and versatile solution. They are mounted, as the name
suggests, to the wall. They are quick and easy to install. Wall units are ideal for smaller restaurants, pubs, and cafés. A
single unit can cool an average-sized room. You can add up to five units to a single system, to accommodate a larger
space.
Ducted AC
Ducted systems are more expensive compared to wall-mounted units. They are usually installed in a suspended or false
ceiling. Ducted systems are the most aesthetically pleasing out of the choice of units. The system is designed to be almost
entirely hidden. The only visible elements are small grilles in the wall or ceiling. These grilles are available in different
shapes and sizes and can be customized. An engineer will advise you on the most appropriate option for your space.

Ducted air conditioning units are designed to be completely concealed. They can be housed in a false ceiling and are
usually controlled via a wall mounted controller. Their versatility makes it a popular choice for both domestic and
commercial requirements. You may have encountered one of these air conditioning systems in a hotel.
Ceiling Cassette AC
Ceiling cassette units are a popular choice for restaurants, pubs, and cafés. They are ideal for cooling larger spaces and are
usually installed in a suspended ceiling. Most of the unit is hidden in the ceiling with the front panel being the only visible
element. They feature a four-way air flow for balanced cooling distribution.
Ceiling cassette air conditioning units are mounted, as the name suggests, in the ceiling. They are most effective installed
in a suspended ceiling where there is room to accommodate the unit. Ceiling mounting provides excellent coverage and
can cover a large room. Being in the ceiling also means this type of air conditioning system is discreet and out of the way.
Types of Air Conditioning System (AC)

●Split AC
As the name suggests, Split AC consists of two units – an outdoor
(mounted on the wall outside the home) and an indoor unit (mounted
inside the home). The outdoor unit, which consists of a compressor
and condenser, does the actual cooling, and the indoor unit, consisting
of a blower, circulates the cool air in the room.
Features of Split ACs
•Split ACs are more aesthetically pleasing than other models, and they
are an ideal cooling system for rooms of all sizes and shapes.
•These units are highly energy efficient. Some of the models
integrated with triple inverter plus technology promise up to 65%
energy savings.
•The in-built air purifiers eliminate all kinds of pollutants and ensure
you breathe clean air.

●Tower AC
Tower ACs are slowly becoming popular in India. The working of these units
are similar to conventional ACs, but they come with an added advantage of
portability. All the components are enclosed inside a single free-standing unit.
You can literally take the cooling unit with you wherever you are sitting,
provided the space has an electricity supply.
Features of Tower AC
•The high-performance compression and cooling system enable efficient
cooling inside the room even when the outside temperature is as high as 60
degrees Celsius.
•The high-efficiency dual rotary compressor helps save more energy.
•The anti-dust filter purifies the air, eliminates dirt and dust particles, and
circulates clean, fresh air in the room.
•Some of the models come with Wi-Fi and voice control features
●Duct AC
Duct ACs are suitable for large homes or commercial spaces that require cooling many rooms at once. Therefore, these
ACs are ideal for supermarkets, shopping malls, etc. In a Duct AC, the air is treated in a central location and then
circulated through fans and ducts into each room. These ACs are great for keeping large spaces at a uniform
temperature.
Features of Duct AC
•The ceiling-mounted air conditioning ducts easily blend with the overall look and feel of the room décor.
•These units make zero to minimal noise that allows you to work and sleep peacefully without the annoying sound of
the compressor.
•The multiple airflow options let your control the airflow to suit your specific needs.
•Duct ACs allow cooling your entire home/office at once with just a touch of a button. So, no more running around to a
different room to turn the AC on or off
●Cassette AC
Cassette ACs are similar to conventional split ACs, except that the indoor unit is mounted on the ceiling. Also known as
suspended ACs, the cassette ACs are ideal for small rooms with limited spaces or places where the construction
architecture doesn't allow for installing a duct AC system.
Features of Cassette AC
•·Due to their high airflow, these units can cool the room faster than conventional wall-mounted split AC with the same
tonnage.
•·The large diameter of the fan ensures increased airflow as against the conventional units.
•·Some models have a Round Way Air Flow technology, which ensures uniform cooling across the room with no hot spots
•·Most Cassette AC units have self-clean technology that cleans dust, kills bacteria and circulates clean, pure and fresh air
inside the room.
●Heat Pump
Heat Pump Tower ACs work both as a cooling and heating system. The system absorbs heat inside the room during the
summers and sends it outside. In winter, the system provides warmth inside the room by absorbing the heat from outside
and moving it inside.
Features of Heat Pump
•Heat Pump Tower AC has a superior design that is a cynosure to the eye.
•These units are equipped with attractive features like child lock function, sleep and dry mode.
•The wide-angle 3D Airflow technology allows airflow up to 15 m long.
•The self-clean technology kills bacteria and cleans dust, ensuring better IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) and healthy air all-
around your home.
Benefits of Restaurant Air Conditioning

Improved Air Quality

Air conditioners improve your indoor air quality. They can remove pollutants such as dust and allergen particles
from the air. This will not only promote a healthy working environment for your employees but also for your
customers.

Smell and Odors Control

Restaurants, pubs and cafés can host a range of odors and smells if the air is not well-ventilated. These odors
can make the air unpleasant for customers and affect the ambiance of the space. A good air conditioner will filter
out bad smells and lingering odors by filtering out the air and replacing it with clean air.

Improved Productivity
A hot and stuffy work environment can hinder the productivity of staff members. The installation of an AC
system will promote a productive working environment and boost staff morale. This is particularly important in
commercial kitchens and for kitchen staff as it can get very hot and humid in such a fast-paced working
environment.

Customer satisfaction
The customers’ dining experience is at the core of any restaurant business. Air conditioning will allow you to
regulate the climate and keep your customers comfortable during their time at your restaurant. A hot and stuffy
environment will be sure to drive customers away.
HOW MANY AIR CONDITIONERS ARE REQUIRED FOR A
RESTAURANT ?
Understanding Restaurant’s Cooling Needs
Restaurants vary widely regarding square footage, layout, occupancy, and geographical location. Each of these factors
influences the cooling requirements of the building. A comprehensive assessment of these important elements is necessary
to accurately determine the appropriate AC capacity.
In particular, the size of the building – including its floor area and ceiling height – plays a critical role in calculating the
cooling load. Factors such as the number of occupants, equipment heat gain, and insulation quality must be considered to
ensure optimal cooling performance.
Why Proper AC Unit Sizing Is So Important
For our expert technicians at Ambient Edge, there is a detailed thought process that goes into evaluating a commercial
building and matching it with a perfect HVAC system. The importance of careful unit selection cannot be overstated. The
size and capacity of AC units play a significant role in maintaining optimal comfort, energy efficiency, and overall
operational costs.
Undersized units can lead to many problems, including frequent breakdowns, increased maintenance expenses, and
insufficient cooling and ventilation, which can jeopardize the health and well-being of the occupants. Meanwhile, oversized
units lead to excessive energy consumption and exorbitant utility
Calculating the Required AC Tonnage for restaurant
In the HVAC industry, the rule of thumb is that you can use approximately one ton (12,000 BTU) of cooling capacity for
every 400-600 square feet of commercial space. However, this guideline only offers a rough estimate, which sometimes
provides a starting point when considering the cooling needs of a building. It’s important to note that this estimation may
not be accurate for every situation, as each commercial space has unique characteristics that can influence the required
cooling capacity.
A professional HVAC engineer or technician must perform a much more detailed load calculation to determine a precise
figure.
Avoiding Common AC Sizing Mistakes
Certain mistakes can occur when estimating AC capacity without professional guidance. Relying solely on rule-of-thumb
estimations or oversimplifying the calculation process often leads to inaccurate results and mismatched unit selection.
However, many other oversights can contribute to potential problem.
Some of the most common AC sizing mistakes include:

1.Neglecting to consider future expansion. Failing to account for potential growth or changes in occupancy
can result in an undersized AC system that struggles to meet increasing cooling demands.

2.Ignoring insulation quality. Inadequate insulation allows heat to penetrate the building more easily, causing
the internal temperature to rise. This increases the cooling load, necessitating a larger AC unit.

3.Disregarding air leakage. Overlooking air leakage from windows, doors, or poorly sealed ductwork can
lead to inaccurate load calculations and improperly sized AC systems.

4.Ignoring ventilation requirements. Commercial buildings may have specific ventilation needs based on
occupancy and air quality regulations. Failure to account for proper ventilation can result in an undersized
system and inadequate airflow.

5.Not considering heat-generating equipment. Overlooking the heat gain from equipment such as
computers, appliances, or machinery can lead to a miscalculation of cooling needs.
DUCTS IN RESTAURANT’S KITCHEN

Ducted (Exhaust) Hoods

This type is the most common that you’re going to find in commercial kitchens. Ideal for use in kitchens with a lot of
frying and a high volume of cooking, they have a fan that pulls steam, smoke, and air with grease so that it’s vented
outside through its duct system. Ducted hoods always have baffles or grease filters that you’ll have to check and change
out regularly. They are also known as Type 1 Hoods.

There are a few styles of ducted hoods that are available:

•Island hoods: These are mounted on the ceiling to hang over your island stove top with ductwork through the ceiling.

•Proximity hoods: These are narrower and have less overhang than a canopy type of hood.

•Wall-mounted hoods: These are mounted to the wall and use a fan to alleviate grease and smoke, allowing you to
adjust the fan depending on what you’re cooking.
Types of Hoods
Commercial hoods are divided into two types based on whether or not they are designed to handle grease.
Type 1 hoods are for use over grease- and smoke-producing
equipment, such as fryers, broilers, ranges, and tilt skillets.
•Include grease filters or baffles to trap and remove grease
•Custom-built to the operator's specifications to ensure every
piece of equipment that will go under the hood is properly
covered
•Must be regularly cleaned to prevent grease buildup,
which could cause a fire hazard
•Requires professional installation
Type 2 Hoods
Type 2 hoods are for use overheat- and steam-producing
equipment, such as dishwashers, steam tables, and some ovens.
•Not designed for use over grease-producing equipment
•Some models are designed to only remove condensation and
steam while other models are strictly designed to remove heat
and odors
•Requires professional installation

Type 1 vs Type 2 Hood

Type 1 hoods, or grease hoods, are designed to collect and remove grease and smoke and are used over
restaurant equipment that produce grease-laden vapors, like ranges, fryers, ovens, and griddles. Type 2
hoods, or condensate hoods, are designed to collect and remove steam, vapor, heat, and odor wherever
grease is not present. Type 2 hoods are typically used over dishwashers, steam tables, and pasta cookers
Restaurant Hood Systems
Every commercial kitchen, regardless of size or location, is required to safely vent heat,
smoke, and grease-laden air from the kitchen to prevent hazardous fires and keep
employees and staff safe and comfortable. Below are some restaurant hood systems you can
find that are made for specific equipment and kitchens to ensure you meet code
requirements.
Ventless Hood
Ventless hood systems feature self-contained
filtration to keep your commercial kitchen up-to-code
without the need for ducted hoods. They come in both
type 1 and type 2 models and are for use with electrical
equipment only.

Food Truck Hood

Food truck hood systems feature a compact footprint
and a sloped-front hood canopy that is specifically
designed for food truck and concession trailer
installations.

Condensate Hood
Condensate hood systems are designed to remove the
condensation and steam produced by dishwashers and
steam equipment.
Outdoor Hood
Just like the name suggests, outdoor hood
systems are designed for use with outdoor
kitchens. These hoods feature a corrosion-resistant
stainless-steel construction that can withstand the
outdoor elements.

Pizza Oven Hood

Due to the many different types of pizza
ovens available on the market, it's important to
determine whether you need a type 1 or type
2 pizza oven hood system. There are hoods
made specifically for conveyor pizza ovens to
accommodate for extra depth so that the ovens are
fully covered.

Heat Removal Hood

Heat removal hood systems are a type 2 hood
system that is designed to remove heat and odors
from the kitchen. They are ideal for use with
equipment that do not produce grease, such as
ovens and small kitchen appliances.
Kitchen Hood Styles
There are 6 basic hood styles that are found in commercial kitchens. Which hood style is
right for you will depend on which equipment you will be placing under the hood and
how you need to mount the hood.

1.Wall-mounted canopy hoods are flush-mounted to the wall and are used for all
equipment types that are located against a wall.

2.Single island canopy hoods are ceiling-mounted over an island with a single cooking
line and are used for all equipment types.

3.Double island canopy hoods are ceiling-mounted over an island with a back-to-back
cooking lines and are used for all equipment types.

4.Backshelf / low level hood can be freestanding or flush-mounted to the wall and are
used for counter-height equipment.

5.Eyebrow hoods are direct-mounted to ovens and some dishwashers.

6.Passover hoods are used over counter-height equipment in instances where a plate is
passed from the cooking side to the serving side.
1 ADVANCE DESIGN STUDIO- HVAC SYSTEM IN RESTAURANT