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Clause
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What is a Clause

 A clause is a part of a sentence that includes at least one subject and

one verb. It could be counted as a sentence if contains a meaning.

 Example:

Michael got married last week.

After she picks me up, mum is taking me to buy shoes.

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Types of Clauses

Clause

Independent/ Main clause Dependent/ subordinate

clause
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 An independent/ main clause can stand alone as a

sentence.

Independent/  It expresses complete thought or meaning.

Main Clause  Examples:

The secret of life is honesty.

Olena likes stories that have fairies in them
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Dependent/ Subordinate Clause

 Subordinate clauses are used to add more information to sentence.

 It does not express a complete thought and relies on the main clause.

 Subordinate clauses will often begin with subordinating conjunctions,

which are words that link dependent clauses to independent clauses,
such as for, as, since, therefore, though, due to, because, unless,
while, when, whenever, before, and after.

 Example: I played out until it went dark.

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Subordinate Conjunctions
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People who pay their debts are trusted.

We cannot go while it is snowing.

She did not go to school as she was sick.

This is the boy who got suspended last week.

Tina bought some chocolates which she wanted to give her brother.

After I reached home, it started raining.

Riya was sure that Tia would come today.

Tim is the nicest person I’ve ever met.

Although I was not in the mood for a movie, I watched ‘Miracle in Cell No. 7’ with my friend.

When a person gets married, they have to start thinking about their responsibilities.

Before Rocky starts his workout, he always does some stretching exercises.
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Types of Dependent/ subordinate clause

 Three types:

1. Adverb clause

2. Adjective clause

3. Noun clause
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Noun Clause

 A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun.

 Like other clauses it should have a subject and a verb.

 Lots of noun clauses start with "that," "how," or a "wh"-word (i.e., what, who,
which, when, where, why, whatever, whomever, whichever).

 Example:

I know that the story is true.

My relationships are between me and whomever I'm with, not between me and
the world.
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How To Check If Your Clause Is

Functioning As a Noun

A great way to check whether a

clause is functioning as a noun is
to have a go at replacing it with
a pronoun.
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1. I know what I say is true.
(Pronoun test: "It is true." This
proves that "What I say" is
functioning as a noun.)
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Adjective Clause/ Relative Clause

 An adjective clause (also called relative clause) is a dependent clause that

modifies/ describes a noun or pronoun. Adjective clauses almost always
come right after the nouns they modify.

 An adjective clause generally begins with a relative pronoun (that, which,

who, whom, whose) that connects the clause to the noun or pronoun it
modifies.

 Examples: We did not find any cafe that sell vegetarian momo.
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Adverb Clause

 An adverb clause is a dependent clause that describes a verb, an adjective,

or an adverb. An adverb clause tells when, where, how, why, to what
extent, or under what conditions something happened.