Structure Of Bone

Presenter : Dr. Kamal Chaitanya

Moderator : Dr. Arun H.S. Sir
Lesson Plan
Name of the lecturer : Dr. Kamal chaitanya

Date : 06/02/23

Time : 10 min

Topic : structure of bone

 Specific learning Objectives
At the end of class, all participants should be able to
know :

Anatomy Of Bone

Functions of bone
 Definition
Bone is one-third connective tissue. It is impregnated
with calcium salts which constitute two-thirds part.
The inorganic calcium salts (mainly calcium
phosphate, partly calcium carbonate, and traces of
other salts) make it hard and rigid.
 The organic connective tissue (collagen fibres) makes
it tough and resilient (flexible), which can afford
resistance to tensile forces.
 Functions
 Bones give shape and support to the body, and resist
any forms of stress
 These provide surface for the attachment of muscles,
tendons,ligaments.
 These serve as levers for muscular actions.
The skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage protect
brain, spinalcord and thoracic viscera, respectively.
Bone marrow manufactures blood cells.
Longitudinal Section Of Bone
 Parts Of Bone
 Epiphysis: the ends and tips of a bone.

 Diaphysis : it is elongated shaft of long bone.

 Metaphysis : epiphysial ends of a diaphysis.

 Flat Bones
The flat bones as against long bones develop from a
discrete process called intramembranous ossification.

 Scapula and sternum are the representative examples.

 The flat bones have an inner and an outer table of

cortical bone intervened by trabecular bone as is
exemplified by skull bones.
 Sesamoid Bones

These bones also resemble short bones, but form

without ossification center (except patella) due to
undue stress in the region.
 Short Bones
Carpal and tarsal bones are representative examples.
They are predominantly composed of trabecular bone
that is shelled by a thin layer of cortical bone.
 Irregular Bones

They are like short bones in cut sections, but unlike

them they have no smooth structure resembling any
geometrical shape (hence irregular).

 Vertebrae are classic examples.

 Histological Features Of Bone
Different elements of bone are :

Lamellar bone

Cancellous bone

Compact bone
 Lamellar bone

This kind of bone is called lamellar bone.

The lamellar appearance of bone depends mainly on

the arrangements of collagen fibres.
 Cancellous bone

 The bony plates or rods that form the meshwork of cancellous bone
are called trabeculae.

 Each trabeculus is made up of a number of lamellae (described

above) between which there are lacunae containing osteocytes.

 Canaliculi, containing the processes of osteocytes, radiate from the

lacunae.

 The trabeculae enclose wide spaces that are filled in by bone

marrow.

 They receive nutrition from blood vessels in the bone marrow.

 Compact bone

 Most of the lamellae are arranged in the form of concentric rings that
surround a narrow Haversian canal present at the centre of each ring.

 The Haversian canal is occupied by blood vessels, nerve fibres, and some
cells.

 One Haversian canal and the lamellae around it constitute a Haversian

system or osteon.

 The canals branch and anastomose with each other.

 They also communicate with the marrow cavity, and with the external
surface of the bone through channels that are called The canals of
Volkmann.
 References

Textbook of human histology, 6th Edition – Inderbir

Singh

B D Chaurasia’s Handbook Of General Anatomy, 4th

Edition
Thank You