I.

z How should global developments be reflected within

environmental law education?

 Teaching about global climate agreements and their legal implications. Example:
 The Paris Agreement - Limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial
levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
 The Kyoto Protocol - Committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and
reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets.

 Coverage of conventions can help in gaining comprehensive understanding of how international agreements
influence national policies and global conservation efforts.. Example:
 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their
survival.
 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) promote the conservation of biological diversity, the
sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic
resources.
• Studies on transboundary pollution issues.
 In case of Europe the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
(CLRTAP) established protocols to reduce and monitor pollutants, and in case of
North America: The Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement aimed at
reducing transboundary air pollution, particularly addressing acid rain.
• Comparing and contrasting environmental laws from various countries to understand
different regulatory approaches. Examples:-
 The Environmental Protection Law in China emphasizes pollution prevention and
control, whereas The Environment Law in Japan promotes the comprehensive and
systematic pursuit of environmental policies.
 z
II. CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWYER IN
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

 Negotiation and Drafting of International Treaties

 Example: Lawyers participated in the drafting of the Paris Agreement, providing legal
language that ensured commitments were clear and enforceable.

 Advisory Roles to Governments

 Example: Advising national delegations at the Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings
under the UNFCCC.

 Legal Drafting in Intergovernmental Organizations

 Example: Environmental lawyers working in organizations such as UNEP or the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) draft legal texts and policy
documents.
 Advocacy within Intergovernmental Processes
 Example: Advocating for the inclusion of human rights considerations in
climate change agreements.
 Participation in International Tribunals and Dispute Resolution
 Example: Representing a state in a case before the International Court of
Justice (ICJ) regarding transboundary pollution.
 Drafting and Interpretation of National Legislation
 Example: Assisting a country in drafting national laws to implement the
Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing.
 Research and Policy Development
 Example: Researching the impacts of climate change on small island
developing states (SIDS) and contributing to policy discussions in UN
forums.