BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF

DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN

TUMOUR AND PARACANCEROUS TISSUES OF
PATIENTS WITH LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA
MANALI PATEL (23MSC02005)
DEVANSHU MODH (23MSC02006)
KANISHKA SHARMA (23MSC02017)
AYUSH SHAH (23MSC02027)
KHUSHBOO PATEL (23MSC03002)
URVASHI SURTI (23MSC03004)
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND TOOLS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION
• Non-small cell Lung cancers (NSCLC) are the most common
type of lung cancer, of which lung adenocarcinoma is the main
pathologic type, accounting for 40% of lung cancer.
• A reliable prognostic biomarker would help assess prognosis,
evaluate therapeutic effects, and clarify the mechanism of lung
cancer.
• With the rapid development and application of gene chip
technology, a large amount of gene data has been accumulated
• Screening of the core genes of lung adenocarcinoma was done
by the bioinformatic analysis of gene chip data of tumour tissue
and matched paracancerous tissue from the gene chip public
database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

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 METHODS AND TOOLS
PRESENTATION TITLE

1. Microarray data information

2. Screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
3. Gene ontology analysis (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene
and Genome (KEGG) pathways analysis
4. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and core gene
screening
5. Validation and survival analysis of core genes
6. Statistical analysis
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MICROARRAY DATA INFORMATION
The GEO database is a free and
open public database. The data of
three gene expression profiles
(GSE7670, GSE27262, GSE32863)
were downloaded from the database
and included 26, 25, and 58 pairs of
lung adenocarcinoma and matched
paracancerous normal lung tissue
samples, respectively.
SCREENING OF DIFFERENTIALLY
EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS)
Data of the three profiles were analyzed
using an online analysis program based
on the R language, GEO2R. Venn
software was used to analyze the
differential genes of the profiles, and
commonly up- and down-regulated
differential genes were obtained.
 GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS (GO)
AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
GENE AND GENOME (KEGG)
PATHWAYS ANALYSIS
The common DEGs selected from the above
three groups were uploaded to the online
analysis platform DAVID
(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/) for GO and
KEGG pathway analysis. The encoded
proteins of DEGs were analyzed by
molecular function (MF), cellular
component (CC), and biological process
(BP) to study their GO functional and
pathway enrichment. Differences with
P<0.05 were considered statistically
significant.
PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION
(PPI) NETWORK AND CORE GENE
SCREENING
A PPI network was constructed by analyzing the
PPI relationship between DEGs using the
STRING database, and the threshold condition
was a confidence score ≥0.4 (5). The results of
analyzed data were then imported into
Cystoscape for visualization analysis, and node
connectivity was calculated with the plug-in
MCODE to screen for the central node of the
network. Genes corresponding to the central
node were considered core genes.
VALIDATION AND SURVIVAL
ANALYSIS OF CORE GENES
GEPIA is an online website tool based on
the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and
GTEX (The Genotype-Tissue Expression)
databases and was used to further verify
the core genes. The Kaplan-Meier plotter is
an online deposit of the survival analysis
data of EGA, TCGA, and GEO
(Affymetrix microarrays only) databases.
In this study, the Kaplan-Meier plotter was
used to perform survival analysis for the
core genes.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Differentially expressed genes with an
adjusted P value <0.05 and |logFC| >2 were
considered statistically significant by using a
t-test. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to
perform survival analysis for the core genes.
Differences with P<0.05 were considered
statistically significant.
RESULTS
The three data sets consisted of 109 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and matched paracancerous normal
lung tissues.

The GEO2R analysis showed 108 up-regulated genes and 198 down-regulated genes in GSE7670, 145
up-regulated genes and 329 down-regulated genes in GSE27262, and 31 up-regulated genes and 156
down regulated genes in GSE32863.
KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in six signalling
pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, malaria, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor
interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and leukocyte transendothelial migration.

Cytotype MCODE software further identified 11 core genes (Figure 2B) in the PPI network complex,
three of which were up-regulated (COMP, SPP1, COL1A1) and eight of which were down-regulated
(CDH5, CAV1, CLDN5, LYVE1, IL6, VWF, TEK, PECAM1).
The PI3K-Akt signalling pathway is an important signal pathway in the human body. This signalling
pathway controls cellular BP of tumour development through a phosphorylation cascade of
downstream proteins that affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis.

The imbalance of the PI3K-Akt pathway plays an important role in the development of NSCLC as
the PI3K-Akt pathway is activated in about 90% of NSCLC cell lines

The results demonstrate that the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma is closely
related to the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway.

Many cancers have specific diagnostic and prognostic markers. However, lung cancer lacks specific
diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Among 11 core genes, three were up-regulated (COMP, SPP1, COL1A1) and survival analysis showed
that patients with a high expression of SPP1 and COL1A1 had a worse prognosis.
 CONCLUSION

By analyzing the differential expression genes of lung

adenocarcinoma and paracancerous normal tissues with
bioinformatics, 11 genes with significant differential
expression and significant influence on prognosis were
identified. The findings may provide new concepts for
developing diagnosis and treatment targets and prognosis
markers for lung adenocarcinoma.
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