•Name:- K.

YOGENDRA REDDY
•Pin number:- 19055-BM-016
•Topic:- Defibrillator
•College:- SGPR Govt polytechnic College
DEFIBRILLATO
R
 OBJECTIVE
1. Define defibrillator
2. Describe need And history of defibrillation
3. Describe the principle and mechanism Of defibrillation
4. Types and classes of defibrillation
5. Describe the automated external defibrillator
6. Identify the precautions and risks
7. Troubleshooting of defibrillator
DEFIBRILLATOR
 INTRODUCTION

• Definition:-
Defibrillation is a process In which an electronic device sends An electric
shock to the heart to stop an extremely rapid, irregular heartbeat and restore
the normal heart beat Rhythm.
Defibrillation is a common treatment for life threatening cardiac
arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation and pulse less ventricular Tachycardia.
 NEED FOR A DEFIBRILLATOR

• Ventricular fibrillation Is serious cardiac emergency resulting from

asynchronous contraction of heart muscles.
• Due to ventricular fibrillation, there is an irregular rapid heart rhythm.
Normal heart beat
 HISTORY OF DEFIBRILLATION

• Defibrillation was invented by prevost and Batelli, two

physiologists. They discovered that electric shocks could
convert ventricular Fibrillation to sinus rhythm in dogs.
The case first of human life saved by defibrillation was
reported by BECK in 1947.
 PRINCIPLE OF DEFIBRILLATION

• Energy storage capacitor is charged at relatively slow rate from AC line.

• Energy stored in capacitor is then delivered at a relatively rate to chest of the patient.
• Simple arrangement involve the discharge of capacitor energy through the patients own resistance.
• The discharge resistance of 50 to 100 Ω approximately for a typical electrode size of 80 cm2

• This particular waveform fig is called `LOWN’ waveform.

• The pulse width of this waveform is generally 10 m
 MECHANISM

• Fibrillations cause the heart to stop pumping blood, leading to

brain damage.
• Defibrillators delivers a brief electric shock to the heart, which
enables the hearts natural pacemakers to regain control and
establish a normal heart rhythm.
 POWER OF DEFIBRILLATIONS

• High voltages are required for external defibrillation than for internal
defibrillation.
• A corrective shock of 750-800 volts is applied within a tenth of a second.
• That is the same voltages as 500-533no of AA batteries.
NORMAL CARDIAC CONDUCTION
CARDIAC ARREST

• Occlusion of the coronary artery leads to ischemia.

• Ischemia leads to infract which causes interruption
of normal cardiac conduction
• Infract=VF/VT
SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS
 DEFIBRILLATION ELECTRODES

• Types of electrodes:-
1. spoon shaped electrode
 Applied directly to the heart.
2. paddle type electrode
 Applied against the chest wall.
3. Pad type electrode
 Applied directly on chest wall.
DEFIBRILLATOR ELECTRODES
ELECTRODE PLACEMENT OF AED
CLASSES OF DISCHARGE WAVEFORM
 CLASSES OF DISCHARGE WAVEFORM

• There are two general classes of waveforms:

 Mono-phasic wavefrom
Energy delivered in one direction through the patient’s heart.
 Biphasic waveform
Energy delivered in both direction through the patient’s heart.
CLASSES OF DISCHARGE WAVEFORMS
CLASSES OF DISCHARGE WAVEFORM
CLASSES OF DISCHARGE WAVEFORM

• The Biphasic waveform is preferred over mono-phasic waveform to

defibrillator. why?
• A mono-phasic type,give a high-energy shock,up to 360 to 400 joules due to
which increased cardiac injury and in burns the chest around the shock pad
sites.
• A Biphasic type,give two sequential lower-energy shocks of 120-200
joules,with each shock moving in an opposite polarity between the pads.
TYPES OF DEFIBRILLATORS
 EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS

• For each minute elapsing between oneset of ventricular Fibrillation and first
defibrillation, survival decreases by100%.
• Defibrillators should be portable, battery operated, small size
• Energy in defibrillators usually stored in large capacitors.
• Total energy stored in capacitor:
Wc=1/2cv2c vc=capacitor voltage
EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

• AED is a electronic device that automatically diagnosis the ventricular

Fibrillation in a patient.
• Automatic refers to the ability to autonomously analyse the patient’s
condition.
• AED is a type of external defibrillation process.
AED DEFIBRILLATOR ELECTRODES
 WORKING OF AED

• Turned on or opened AED.

• AED will instruct the user:-
Connect the electrodes (pads) to the patient.
Avoid touching the patient to avoid false readings by the unit.
The AED examine the electrical output from the heart and determine the
patient is in a shock able rhythm or not
 PRECAUTIONS

• The paddles used in the procedure should not be placed:-

Over an internal pacemaker patients
• Before the paddle is used,a gel must be applied to the patient’s skin.
• Do Not touch the victim while defibrillating.
• Do Not use alcohol to wipe the victim's chest dry.
• Do Not use an AED in a moving vehicle.
• Do Not use an AED on a victim who is in contact with water.
• Do Not use an AED on a victim lying on a conductive surface.
 TROUBLESHOOTING

• Attach the external and internal paddles if the monitor reads,‘‘No paddles’’.
• Check to ensure that the leads are securely attached if the monitor reads,‘No leads’.
• Connect the unit to AC power if the message reads, ‘‘Low battery’’.
• Verify that the energy select control setting are correct if the defibrillator does not charge.
• Change the electrodes and make sure that the electrodes adapter cable is properly
connected if you receive a message of‘‘PACER FAILURE’’ Restart the pacer.
• Close the recorder door and the paper roll if the monitor message reads,‘check recorder’.
THANK
YOU