Faculty of Tehnical Sciences Cacak

University in Kragujevac

Turning Machines

Student:
Урош Јовић
Types of turning machines

Planing lathe– is used for making products that

posess huge dimensions, workpiece is put in
plan board.
Dimensions of plan board can range from 1000
to 4000 milimeters.
 Carousel lathe has a horizontal clamping plate,
for holding workpiece
 Carousel lathes can have one or two vertical
columns for vertical movement of the beam
 One or two supports move alongside horizontal
beams.
Revolver lathe – serves in serial production for
complete processing of the workpiece in one
operation.
The turret can accept a large numbeer of tools,
which perform all necessary processing
operations
Universal lathe
The universal lathe has an electric motor drive
(three-phase asynchronous cage electric motor).
The electric motor drives the driven shaft of the
lathe, on which there is a lamella with a fork,
which, when ignited, drives the main working
spindle
CNC lathe or computer controlled machine tool
which is more and more in use today.
These machines have one or two chucks, one or
two chucks with a turret head
Tools can be non-powered or powered
Starting the lathe
The lathe is started by first turning on the
electric motor by pressing a button on the key
The main spindle is started by turning on the
coupling, the coupling lever, which has three
positions: 0 - the main spindle is stationary, 1
and 2 - to the right or to the left
The speed of the main spindle is determined by
the hardness of the material being processed, the
diameter of the material and other factors
 On a metalworking lathe, the tool is clamped
tightly into a tool holder that sits on a small
platform called a support, a small support
 Using the handle on the support, the position of
the tool in relation to the working part is adjusted
 The material is placed in the clamping heads of
the jaws and by bringing the turning tool to the
material and then starting the support manually or
automatically, the material is processed
 Then, if necessary, turn on the light and emulsion
switches
Description of the type of lathes
Lathes for individual production are lathes
that can be adapted to change from one
configuration of the workpiece to another and
from one dimension to another.
These are: universal lathes, lead spindle lathes,
lead spindle lathes, back turning lathes, etc.
Lathes for serial production are used to
produce a large number of the same parts or
perform a large number of operations on the
same workpiece
These are: multi-cutting lathes, copy lathes,
revolver lathes with horizontal and vertical
revolver heads, etc.
Lathes for mass production provide a
reduction in piece time and a reduction in
auxiliary time
They can be divided into: automatic lathes,
automatic machines for long parts, revolver -
automatic lathes, etc.
Production operations in turning
processing
According to the quality of the treated surface,
production operations of scraping are classified
into production operations: rough and fine
processing
The process of processing metal by cutting is
the process of removing excess material by the
mechanical action of the cutting tool on the
object of processing
A large number of operations such as:
longitudinal processing
 cross processing
cone making
profile creation
 non-rotational turning
thread making
opening
 Brazed carbide

Carbide tooling is rarely used in modern industry

today
It is excellent for processing poorly cast castings
and sintered material, as the cutting edge of the
tool can be easily sharpened
High speed steel
A tool made of high-speed steel is of slightly
lower quality than carbide tools, but it is
therefore useful for the production of profile
knives, intended for the processing of complex
and profiled surfaces.
Turning knife surfaces
The turning knife consists of the body of the
tool on which the cutting elements are located
and the handle through which the installation
and fastening to the tool carrier is carried out
Measuring instruments
Technical control of product manufacturing
quality includes, among other things, control of:
product manufacturing quality and capabilities
of technological processes and production
equipment
Measurement is an experimental determination
of the numerical value of a physical quantity, the
value is read on the indicator unit of the
measuring device
Means of measurement and control
According to their purpose, they are divided
into: standards, gauges, controls or tolerance
gauges, universal measuring devices, special
purpose measuring devices, control devices and
measuring systems.
 Parallel border
benchmarks

Boundary standards
for corners
Conclusion
 Turning is one of the most important and widely used
metal cutting processes used in the manufacturing
industry.

 Turning machines can be used for many different shaping

operations of some objects, for this reason they are very
flexible to work with.

 In the thesis, a description of lathes and turning knives is

shown, while a brief overview is also made of measuring
instruments, which are an indispensable part of turning
processing.
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YOUR ATTENTION!