Electrical safety Awareness New

Electrical Safety Awareness
Values
Petrofac is a culturally diverse, international company, united by shared values.

Petrofac people are:
• safe
• ethical
• innovative
• cost-conscious
• responsive to customers
and always focus relentlessly on delivering results.

INTRODUCTION
•Every workplace and home

uses electricity strong
enough to injure or even kill
a person, so every worker
needs to understand the
potential hazards of electricity
and how to work safely with
electrical equipment.

Electricity - The Dangers
• About 5 workers are

electrocuted every week
• Causes 12% of young worker
workplace deaths
• Takes very little electricity to
cause harm
• Significant risk of causing fires

Electricity – How it Works
• Electricity is the flow of energy

from one place to another
• Requires a source of power:
usually a generating station
• A flow of electrons (current) travels
through a conductor
• Travels in a closed circuit

DEFINITIONS
• Alternating Current: Current that alternates direction

through a conductor. (AC)
• Direct Current: Current that flows in the same

direction through a conductor. (DC)
• Static Electricity: Electrical charge resulting from

friction between two objects or from objects striking.

Electrical Terms
• Current -- electrical movement (measured in Amps).
• Circuit -- complete path of the current. Includes electricity
source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a
lamp, tool, or heater).
• Resistance -- restriction to electrical flow.
• Conductors – substances, like metals, with little resistance to
electricity that allow electricity to flow.
• Grounding – a conductive connection to the earth which acts as
a protective measure.
• Insulators -- substances with high resistance to electricity like
glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood that prevent electricity
from getting to unwanted areas.

Measuring Electricity
• (V) Volts: A measurement of electrical pressure.
• (W) Watts: A unit of electrical power.
• (A) Amperes: A measurement of the volume of

electrical current.
• (Ohms: Measure of the resistance to the flow of

electrons.

Voltage Rating Symbols
Low
Voltage Any voltage up to and including 400V
L.V.
Medium
Voltage Any voltage between 401V and 3.3KV
M.V.
High
Voltage Any voltage above 3.3KV
H.V.

HOW IS THE SERIOUSNESS OF AN
ELECTRICAL SHOCK DETERMINED?
• The Voltage (pressure) on circuit.

• Skin resistance and internal resistance.
• Amount of current flowing through the
body, a function of Volts and Amps.
• Path of the current.
• Body’s reaction to the shock.
• Length of time electricity is applied.

Electrical Injuries
There are four main types of electrical injuries:
• Direct:
Electrocution or death due to
electrical shock
Electrical shock
Burns
• Indirect :
Falls

WHAT CAUSES SHOCKS?
• Touching both wires of an electrical circuit.
• Touching an energized wire and a ground

conductor.
• Touching the exterior of a faulted or short-

circuited appliance or machine.

Electrical Shock
An electrical shock is received when electrical
current passes through the body.
You will get an electrical shock if a part of your

body completes an electrical circuit by…
Touching a live wire and an electrical ground, or
Touching a live wire and another wire at a different

voltage.

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK
• Volts/resistance in Ohms = current in Amps

• 120 volts/100,000 ohms = 0.0012 Amps or 1.2
milliamps
• 1.2 Milliamps is perception threshold.
• 10-20 Milliamps is painful; let-go threshold; can kill
in time.
• 100 Milliamps can kill in a second; can’t let go.
• 200 Milliamps kills; causes heart fibrillation; burns
human flesh.

Shock Severity
• Severity of the shock depends on:

– Path of current through the body
– Amount of current flowing through the
body (Amps)
– Duration of the shocking current
through the body,
• LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN
LOW HAZARD

Dangers of Electrical Shock
• Currents above 10 mA* can

paralyze or “freeze” muscles.
• Currents more than 75 mA can
cause a rapid, ineffective heartbeat
-- death will occur in a few minutes
unless a defibrillator is used
• 75 mA is not much current – a
small power drill uses 30 times as
much
Defibrillator in use
•* mA = milliampere = 1/1,000 of an ampere

Burns
• Most common shock-related

injury
• Occurs when you touch
electrical wiring or equipment
that is improperly used or
maintained
• Typically occurs on hands
• Very serious injury that needs
immediate attention

Falls
• Electric shock can also

cause indirect injuries
• Workers in elevated
locations who
experience a shock
may fall, resulting in
serious injury or death

Electrical Hazards and How to
Control Them
Electrical accidents are

caused by a combination of
three factors:
– Unsafe equipment and/or
installation,
– Workplaces made unsafe
by the environment, and
– Unsafe work practices.

Hazard – Exposed Electrical Parts
Cover removed from wiring or breaker box

Control – Isolate Electrical Parts
• Use guards or barriers.
• Replace covers.
Guard live parts of electric

equipment operating at 50
volts or more against
accidental contact

Control – Isolate Electrical Parts
Cabinets, Boxes & Fittings
Conductors going into them must be protected, and unused

openings must be closed

Control – Close Openings
• Junction boxes, pull

boxes and fittings must
have approved covers
• Unused openings in
cabinets, boxes and
fittings must be closed
(no missing knockouts)
Photo shows violations

Hazard - Overhead Power Lines
• Usually not insulated

• Examples of equipment that
can contact power lines:
– Crane
– Ladder
– Scaffold
– Scissors lift
– Raised dump truck bed
– Aluminum paint roller

Control - Overhead Power Lines
• Stay at least 10 feet/3 meters

away.
• Post warning signs.
• Assume that lines are
energized.
• Use wood or fiberglass ladders,
not metal.
• Power line workers need
special training & PPE.

Hazard - Inadequate Wiring
• Hazard - wire too small for the current.
• Example - portable tool with an extension cord
that has a wire too small for the tool.
– The tool will draw more current than the cord
can handle, causing overheating and a
possible fire without tripping the circuit
breaker.
– The circuit breaker could be the right size for
the circuit but not for the smaller-wire
extension cord.

Control – Use the Correct Wire
• Wire used depends on operation, building materials,

electrical load, and environmental factors
• Use fixed cords rather than flexible cords
• Use the correct extension cord
Must be 3-wire type and designed for hard or extra-hard use

Hazard – Defective Cords & Wires
• Plastic or rubber
covering is missing
• Damaged extension
cords & tools

Hazard – Damaged Cords
• Cords and Cables can be damaged by:

– Aging
– Door or window edges
– Staples or fastenings
– Abrasion from adjacent materials
– Activity in the area
• Improper use can cause shocks, burns
or fire

Control – Cords, Cables & Wires
• Insulate live wires
• Check before use
• Use only cords that are 3-wire type
• Use only cords marked for hard or
extra-hard usage
• Use only cords, connection devices,
and fittings equipped with strain
relief
• Remove cords by pulling on the
plugs, not the cords
• Cords not marked for hard or extra-
hard use, or which have been
modified, must be taken out of
service immediately

Permissible Use of Flexible Cords
•DO NOT use flexible wiring where frequent inspection

would be difficult or where damage would be likely.
•Flexible cords must not be . . .

• run through holes in walls, ceilings, or floors;
• run through doorways, windows, or similar openings
(unless physically protected);
• hidden in walls, ceilings, floors, conduit or other
raceways.

Grounding
Grounding creates a low-

resistance path from a tool
to the earth to disperse
unwanted current.
When a short or lightning
occurs, energy flows to the
ground, protecting you from
electrical shock, injury and
death.

Hazard – Improper Grounding
• Tools plugged into

improperly grounded
circuits may become
energized.
• Broken wire or plug on
extension cord.

Control – Ground Tools & Equipment
• Ground power supply systems,
electrical circuits,
and electrical equipment.
• Frequently inspect electrical

systems to insure path to
ground is continuous.
• Inspect electrical equipment before use.
• Don’t remove ground prongs from tools or extension cords.
• Ground exposed metal parts of equipment

Control–Use GFCI (ground-fault circuit interrupter)
• Protects you from shock

• Detects difference in current
between the black and white wires
• If ground fault detected, GFCI shuts
off electricity in 1/40th of a second
• Use GFCI’s on all 120/220-volt,
single-phase, 15- and 20-ampere
receptacles, or have an assured
equipment grounding conductor
program.

Control - Assured Equipment Grounding
Conductor Program
Program must cover:
– All cord sets
– Receptacles not part of a building or structure
– Equipment connected by plug and cord
Program requirements include:

– Specific procedures adopted by the employer
– Competent person to implement the program
– Visual inspection for damage of equipment
connected by cord and plug

Hazard – Overloaded Circuits
Hazards may result from:

• Too many devices plugged into
a circuit, causing heated wires
and possibly a fire
• Damaged tools overheating
• Lack of overcurrent protection
• Wire insulation melting, which
may cause arcing and a fire in
the area where the overload
exists, even inside a wall

Control - Electrical Protective Devices
• Automatically opens circuit if

excess current from overload or
ground-fault is detected –
shutting off electricity
• Includes GFCI’s, fuses, and
circuit breakers
• Fuses and circuit breakers are
overcurrent devices. When too
much current:
 Fuses melt.
 Circuit breakers trip open.

Power Tool Requirements
• Have a three-wire cord with

ground plugged into a grounded
receptacle, or
• Be double insulated, or
• Be powered by a low-voltage
isolation transformer

Tool Safety Tips
• Use gloves and appropriate footwear.

• Store in dry place when not using.
• Don’t use in wet/damp conditions .
• Keep working areas well lit.
• Ensure not a tripping hazard.
• Don’t carry a tool by the cord.
• Don’t yank the cord to disconnect it.
• Keep cords away from heat, oil, & sharp edges.
• Disconnect when not in use and when changing
accessories such as blades & bits.
• Remove damaged tools from use.

Preventing Electrical Hazards - Tools
• Inspect tools before

use
• Use the right tool
correctly
• Protect your tools
• Use double insulated
tools
Double Insulated marking

Class I Equipments
•Class I
• Class I equipment is fitted with a three core mains cable
containing a protective earth wire. Exposed metal parts on
class I equipment are connected to this earth wire.
• Should a fault develop inside the equipment and the
exposed metal comes into contact with the mains, the
earthing conductor will conduct the fault current to
ground. Regular testing procedures ensure that earthing
conductors are intact, as the integrity of the earth wire is of
vital importance.

Class II Equipments
• Double insulated or class II electrical appliances are
products that have been designed in a way so as not to
require a safety connection to electrical earth (These
products must NOT have a safety connection to Earth).
• These products are required to prevent any failure from
resulting in dangerous voltage levels becoming exposed
causing a shock etc. This must be done without the aid of
an earthed metal casing. Ways of achieving this include
double layers of insulating material or reinforced
insulation protecting any live parts of the fitting.
• There are also strict requirements relating to the
maximum insulation resistance and leakage to any
functional earth or signal connections of such
appliances. Products of this type are required to be
labeled "Class II", "double insulated" or bear the double
insulation symbol

Temporary Lights
Protect from contact and damage, and don’t

suspend by cords unless designed to do so.

Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist
• Tripped circuit breakers or
blown fuses
• Warm tools, wires, cords,
connections, or junction
boxes
• GFCI that shuts off a circuit
• Worn or frayed insulation
around wire or connection

Lockout and Tagging of Circuits
• Apply locks to power source after de-
energizing
• Tag deactivated controls
• Tag de-energized equipment and
circuits at all points where they can
be energized
• Tags must identify equipment or
circuits being worked on

Safety-Related Work Practices
To protect workers from electrical
shock:
– Use barriers and guards to prevent
passage through areas of exposed
energized equipment
– Pre-plan work, post hazard
warnings and use protective
measures
– Keep working spaces and
walkways clear of cords

Safety-Related Work Practices
• Use special insulated
tools when working on
fuses with energized
terminals
• Don’t use worn or frayed
cords and cables
• Don’t fasten extension
cords with staples, hang
from nails, or suspend by
wire.

Preventing Electrical Hazards - Planning
• Plan your work with others

• Plan to avoid falls
• Plan to lock-out and tag-out
equipment
• Remove jewelry
• Avoid wet conditions and
overhead power lines

Avoid Wet Conditions
• If you touch a live wire or other
electrical component while standing in
even a small puddle of water you’ll get
a shock.
• Damaged insulation, equipment, or
tools can expose you to live electrical
parts.
• Improperly grounded metal switch
plates & ceiling lights are especially
hazardous in wet conditions.
• Wet clothing, high humidity, and
perspiration increase your chances of
being electrocuted.

Preventing Electrical Hazards - PPE
• Proper foot protection

(not tennis shoes)
• Rubber insulating
gloves, hoods, sleeves,
matting, and blankets
• Hard hat (insulated -
nonconductive)

Preventing Electrical Hazards
Proper Wiring and Connectors
Use and test GFCI’s
Check switches and
insulation
Use three prong plugs
Use extension cords
only when necessary &
assure in proper
condition and right type
for job
Use correct connectors

Training
•Train employees working with electric
equipment in safe work practices, including:
• Deenergize electric equipment before

inspecting or repairing
• Using cords, cables, and electric tools that are
in good repair
• Lockout / Tagout recognition and procedures
• Use appropriate protective equipment

Summary – Hazards & Protections
Hazards Protective Measures
• Inadequate wiring • Proper grounding
• Exposed electrical parts • Use GFCI’s
• Wires with bad insulation • Use fuses and circuit
• Ungrounded electrical systems breakers
and tools
• Guard live parts
• Overloaded circuits
• Lockout/Tagout
• Damaged power tools and
equipment • Proper use of flexible
• Using the wrong PPE and tools cords
• Overhead powerlines • Close electric panels
• All hazards are made worse in • Training
wet conditions

Electrical Hazard Plan
Plan your work with others
Plan to avoid falls
Plan to lock-out and tag-
out equipment
Remove jewelry
Avoid wet conditions and
overhead power lines

Electrical Tools Requirements
Electrical generators
Electrical Generators must have :
An oil drip tray.
A ground electrode. A green/yellow colour is mandatory.
Generator sets will supply the voltage requested by
authorities for equipment such as:
 electrical cabinets,
 grinders,
 drilling machines,
 etc.

Electrical generators
All connection points will have 3 pins (one for grounding cable).
A retractable cover on each connection point.
Each genset is labelled and registered and have a maintenance
follow up book.
All cable coils and cable drums must be uncoiled for service.
 220 V and 50 Hertz with a differential

protection at reference of 30 MA.
 The welding works will be
subcontracted.

Electrical machines & tools
All electrical machines (grinders, lamps, hand drills, …) must be maintained as follows:
Used at the voltage requested by the

authorities only.
Each machine labelled and registered.
Have double insulation.

Electrical machines & tools
When a short or lightning occurs, energy flows to the ground, protecting you from electrical shock,
injury and death:
Electricity can kill

Wear the proper PPE
Only use approved electrical equipment
Do not unplug equipment with wet hands
Only qualified employees are permitted to
work on electricity
Keep electrical panels clean and accessible
Inspect electrical cords
Use nonconductive tools and equipment
Do not wear jewelry

Electrical cabinets, switchboards & boxes
Don’t use worn or frayed

cords and cables
Don’t fasten extension
cords with staples, hang
from nails, or suspend by
wire.
Using cords, cables, and
electric tools that are in
good repair

Electrical cabinets, switchboards & boxes
Circuit breaker switches must be
properly labeled with the
equipment, voltage, and amperage.
Access to electrical panels and
circuit breaker switches must
always be maintained in case of an
emergency.
Maintain a distance of at least 30
inches in front of all electrical and
circuit breaker panels.
Also, never tape over circuit
breaker switches.

Static Electricity
Static electricity is the buildup of
electrical charges on the surface of some
object or material.
Static electricity is usually created when
materials are pulled apart or rubbed
together, causing positive (+) charges to
collect on one material and negative (−)
charges on the other surface.
Results from static electricity may be
sparks, shocks or materials clinging
together.

The Electric Field
This is a region where a charge experiences a force
The field is from + to -
Neutral Point
Positive Plate
Negative Plate

Description of Static Electricity
Static electricity is the accumulation of

electrical charges on the surface of a material,
usually an insulator or non-conductor of
electricity.
It is called “static” because there is no current

flowing, as there is in alternating current (AC) or
direct current (DC) electricity.

Description of Static Electricity
Typically, two materials are involved in static electricity, with
one having an excess of electrons or negative (−) charges on
its surface and the other material having an excess of
positive (+) electrical charges.
Atoms near the surface of a material that have lost one or
more electrons will have a positive (+) electrical charge.
If one of the materials is an electrical conductor that is

grounded, its charges will drain off immediately, leaving the
other material still charged.

PREVENTING STATIC EXPLOSIONS
To prevent an explosion caused by static

electricity
• Remove the flammable atmosphere surrounding the
material.
• Control the amount of static charge generated within
the material.
• Relax the static charges that have generated.
• Properly bond and ground to balance and dissipate
electrostatic charges.

Earthing and Bonding Petrol Tankers
Petrol rubbing against the pipe can build up a

static charge which could cause an explosion
The tanker is joined to the ground with
a wire to stop a charge building up

Earthing and Bonding Planes and Helicopters
Petrol rubbing against the pipe can build up a static charge

which could cause an explosion

Preventive Measures
• Static discharge is released safely through bonding and
grounding.
• In industry, specially clothes and special equipment to
collect dust and minimize static buildup may be used.
Insulating mats and anti-static floor finishings may be used
as well to minimize risk.
• Removing any flammable atmospheric sources, and
properly bonding and grounding, should prevent explosions
caused by static electricity.
• Allowing time for charges to combine after moving a liquid
charge relaxation – will reduce charge buildup.
• When working in transportation vessels, be sure to attach a
bonding cable as the very first thing you do, and remove it
as the very last.

Preventive Measures

SAFE INSTRUCTION
Do plug power equipment into wall receptacles with power
switches in the Off position.
Do unplug electrical equipment by grasping the plug and
pulling. Do not pull or jerk the cord to unplug the equipment.
Do check the receptacle for missing or damaged parts.
Do check for frayed, cracked, or exposed wiring on equipment
cords.
Do check for defective cords clamps at locations where the
power cord enters the equipment or the attachment plug.
Employees should know the location of electrical circuit
breaker panels that control equipment and lighting in their
respective areas. Circuits and equipment disconnects must be
identified.

SAFE INSTRUCTION
Do not drape power cords over hot pipes, radiators or
sharp objects.
Do not plug equipment into defective receptacles.
Extension cords should not be used in office areas.
Generally, extension cords should be limited to use by
maintenance personnel
“Cheater plugs”, extension cords with junction box
receptacle ends or other jury-rigged equipment should not
be used.
Consumer electrical equipment or appliances should not
be used if not properly grounded.
Temporary or permanent storage of any materials must not
be allowed within 3 feet of any electrical panel or electrical
equipment.

SAFE WORK PRACTICES
• Know where the hazards are

• Properly maintain equipment
• No exposed parts or energized surfaces
• Use barriers and devices where appropriate
• No conductors to walk on or trip on
• No jewelry, or other metal objects around electricity

SAFE WORK PRACTICES

SAFE WORK PRACTICES

SAFE WORK PRACTICES
• Never use plugs or receptacles that can alter
polarity
• Properly plug all connecting plug-ins
• Install and use protective devices
• Stay away from all unguarded conductors
• Never overload a circuit or conductor

WORKING SAFE WITH CORDS
• Inspect cords before each use
• Be sure plug and receptacle have proper
mating configuration
• To unplug, never pull on the cord, pull on the
plug
• Don’t use nails, staples, screws, or other
sharp objects to attach or fasten a cord or
plug

• Two conductor cords are illegal

• Damaged cords should never be used
• Ensure enough slack to prevent strain on
plug or receptacle
• A plug-receptacle should have at least 8
ounces of contact tension

• Cords should be kept clean and free of kinks
and insulation breaks
• Cords crossing vehicular or personnel
passageways should be protected, a sign
posted, and used temporarily or in an
emergency only
• Cords should be of continuous length and
without splices

CONTROL OF CIRCUITS
• Only switches and breakers designed to

do so may be used to control current
• Only approved equipment may be used in
wet or damp areas
• Use GFCIs when needed
• Never energize equipment when shields or
guards have been removed
• Always honor lockout/tagout situations

Summary
Electrical equipment must be:

– Listed and labeled
– Free from hazards
– Used in the proper manner
If you use electrical tools you must be:
– Protected from electrical shock
– Provided necessary safety equipment

FINAL ADVICE
Treat electricity with

the respect it demands,
and it will serve you
efficiently and effectively.

Permit to Work
Please pay attention to the following video:
84
85
IF ELECTROCUTION OCCURS
• Call for help
• DO NOT touch the victim or the conductor

• Shut off the current at the control box
• If the shutoff is not immediately available, use a non-
conducting material to free victim
• If necessary and you know how, begin CPR when
current is stopped
• In dealing with electricity, never exceed your expertise


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Electrical Safety Awareness

Petrofac is a culturally diverse, international company, united by shared values.

and always focus relentlessly on delivering results.