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BASF K1148 CHERRY

PROJECT

WORK IN CONFINED SPACES

Modul No. AMC/HSE/TRN/011

Work in Confined Spaces
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Topics

1 Introduction

2 Hazard in confined space

Confined space
3
requirement

4 Responsibility

5 Rescue plan
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INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AN CONFINED SPACE ?

means an enclosed or partially enclosed

space that is at atmospheric pressure
during occupancy and is not intended or
designed primarily as a place of work
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INTRODUCTION
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION?
 Limited work space or restricted entry / exit
 Potential having of toxic or flammable
substances
 Oxygen deficient or oxygen enrich
 Cause engulfment
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Confined Space Examples

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Confined Space Examples

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Confined Space Examples

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Confined Space Examples

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Confined Space Dangers

OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY
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HAZARD in confined space

 Limited work space or restricted
entry / exit
 Engulfment
 Body or head injury
 Fall from height
 Slips, trips and falls
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HAZARD in confined space

 Lack of oxygen
 Less than 19.5%, 20.9% is normal
 When oxygen is displaced by other
gases/vapours
 Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Methane
 Oxygen can be used up by:
 Chemical reactions i.e. rusting, burning
 Other substances i.e.activated carbon
 The only effective respiratory
protection is breathing apparatus
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HAZARD in confined space

 Excess of oxygen
 More than 23.5%, 20.9% is normal
 Excess oxygen is a fire hazard
 Materials, such as clothing, burn
furiously when enriched with oxygen
 Oxygen should never be introduced
into a confined space
 Welding/cutting equipment must not
leak
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HAZARD in confined space

 Build up of toxic gases/vapours
 From residues left in tanks/vessels
 These can emit gases/vapours when
disturbed
 From operations such as painting
 In sewers and manholes
 In excavations from contaminated
land
 Slow leak into trenches and pits
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HAZARD in confined space

 Fire and explosions
 Can occur when flammable vapours,
gases and solids are present
 Hazard still exists when tank is
“empty”
 May need an ignition source or may
be self combustible
 Purging with an inert gas will drive
out flammable gases
 Cleaning materials may be a cause
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HAZARD in confined space

 Rotating or moving equipment
which starts unintentionally
 Agitators/paddles in reaction vessels
 Screw conveyors
 Presses etc. during maintenance
 Robot assembly equipment
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Confined Space Dangers

Activities may be more dangerous in Confined

Space, particularly hot works and solvents
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HAZARD in confined space

 Extreme temperature conditions
 Heat stress/stroke can be fatal
 Cold conditions leading to
hypothermia/PPE failure
 Reduce the risk by:
 Frequent rotation of personnel
 Cooling/ventilation
 Specialist PPE
 Supply of drinks that replace lost fluids
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Confined Space Requirement

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Confined Space Entry

 Confined spaces is not permitted without
adequate competency, training by NIOSH
and approve PTW
 Competent person
 AE – Authorised entrant
 Entry supervisor
 Standby person
 AGT – Authorised gas tester
 Undergone CS medical check-up and
declare fit to work daily
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Confined Space Entry

 Carry out risk assessment – JSA and JMS
 Clean and purge any contaminant e.g.
use force ventilation (blower). Purging
with pure oxygen is strictly prohibited.
Gas cylinder shall be put outside the
confined space.
 Mechanical and electrical isolation
 Gas check by AGT. Continuous gas
monitoring
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Confined Space Entry

 Adequate and safe access and egress
 Adequate illumination / lighting
 Rescue plan to be in place e.g. wear body
harness
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CSE ISOLATION, VENTILATION & GAS TESTING

!!! OK
1

3 2
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C S E Isolation
 Isolation
 All pipes and connections to a confined
space must be isolated
 Isolation hierarchy
 1 Remove pipe spool, fit blanks, lock valves
 2 Fit spades, preferably two. Lock valves
 3 Lock two valves and bleed spool
 4 Lock valve (only for non-hazardous contents)
 Test all isolations for leaks
 Any connected pumps should be electrically
isolated
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C S E Isolation
 Isolation
 All rotating and moving equipment in
a confined space must be isolated
 Hierarchy of isolation:
 Disconnect or remove drive shaft,
disconnect power supply, prevent
equipment moving
 Lock power supply, prevent equipment
moving and test periodically the safe
condition persist
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Safe System of Entry

 The confined space should, be
washed out and drained before any
entry
 Cleaning should be very thorough
 Breathing air should be available if
cleanliness is in any doubt
 Cleaning should be very thorough
particularly if any hot work is to take
place
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Safe System of Entry

 Adequate ventilation must be
maintained during entry
 Extra openings or, preferably,forced
ventilation
 Oxygen should not be used to
ventilate the space
 Don’t run engines in confined spaces
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Natural Ventilation
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FORCED VENTILATION

DANGER:
Toxic &
flammable
gas
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Confined Space Entry Equip

Restricted Work Place

LOW VOLTAGE IN
RESTRICTED PLACE
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Oxygen Testing
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Gas / Atmosphere Testing

 Gas / atmosphere testing
 The gas monitor will test for the
following:
 Oxygen Level (19.5% to 23.5%)
 % LEL (<10%)
 Other gas (CO or CO2 for example)
 Other gas (H2S for example)
 Ensure you are using a suitable gas
monitor
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RESPONSIBILITY
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Permit Issuer
 Competency : attend and pass AESP
and AGT course
 Responsible for ensuring that all the
precautions are taken
 Authorize the permit to work
 Endorse the cancellation and closure
of the permit to work
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Entry Supervisor
 Competency : attend and pass AESP
and AGT course
 Supervise all the activities before,
during and after entry operation;
Responsible for ensuring that all the
precautions are taken
 Communicate the hazards, PTW
requirement and emergency procedures
 Be in charge of communication during
emergency and rescue
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AGT
 Competency : attend and pass AESP
and AGT course
 Identify all chemical hazards and
recommends control measures to
ensure safe entry
 Test and interpret the reading level
of gaseous in the confined space
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Standby Person
 Competency : attend and pass AESP
course
 Monitor activities outside and inside of
every confined space to determine if it is
safe for entrants to remain in the
confined space
 Verify the authorized person that to enter
the confined space.
 Summons rescue and other emergency
and NOT TO ENTER the confined space.
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Authorized Entrant
 Competency : attend and pass AESP
course.
 Declare the fitness in writing prior to
entry into confined space
 Use equipment required or the job
including PPE correctly.
 Inform standby person when recognizes
any warning sign or symptom to a
dangerous situation
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Rescue Plan

Entry with Hoist And Standby

Personnel
Self Rescue Arrangements 42
Self Rescue Arrangements 43
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Rescue Arrangements
 Rescue plan must be written before
entry – risk assessed
 A rescue plan is a safe system of
work for use in an emergency
 Personnel should be suitably trained
and be fully aware of their duties
 They may need special skills such as
using BA, First Aid, resuscitation, fire
fighting, winch operation
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Rescue Arrangements
 Special equipment for rescue will need to
be available for immediate use:
 Means of sounding the alarm
 Means of communicating with emergency
services
 Breathing apparatus (separate air supply),
 Personal protective equipment for the rescuers
 Winch for lifting the casualty
 Harness and lanyard
 Stretcher for removing the casualty horizontally
 Torches
 First Aid equipment – resuscitator
 Fire fighting equipment
Rescue Drill 46
Rescue Drill 47
Rescue Drill 48
Rescue Drill 49
Rescue Drill 50
Rescue Drill 51
Rescue Drill 52
Rescue Drill 53
Rescue Drill 54
Rescue Drill 55
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Confined Spaces

The End