ABHINAV EDUCATION SOCIETYS

COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

NARHE , PUNE (411041)

NAME :- HARSHWARDHAN BALASO BURANGE

ROLL NO :- 18

PRN NO :- 2063813823018

SUBJECT :- PROJECT / PRACTICE SCHOOL

TOPIC :- “ PREPARATION OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT

INCENSE STICKS (AGARBATTI) USING ORANGE PEEL”

GUIDED BY :- ASSIT. PROFF. VARSHA PATIL

TABLE OF CONTENT :-
SR.NO TOPIC SLIDE NO

1.
ABSTRACT 3

2.
INTRODUCTION 4

3.
OBJECTIVE AND BENFITS OF INCENSE STICKS 5

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. INGREDIENTS
2. PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST OF INGREDIENTS 6-14
3. FORMULATION
4. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF INCENSE
STICKS

5.
EVALUATION AND RESULT OF INCENSE STICKS 15

6.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 16

7.
REFERENCE 17-18
 1. ABSTRACT:-
 Nowadays, mosquitoes-born disease poses a significant health-risk globally, necessitating effective mosquito
control measures, particularly in tropical and subtropical Areas. Chemical based mosquito repellents can be
harmful to the human health, especially to the children and pregnant woman. So hence this formulation provides a
natural approach to produce natural mosquito repellent incense sticks utilizing Orange peel extract and other
natural ingredients. The formulation focuses on creating an environmental friendly and economical solution for
mosquito control by harnessing the repellent qualities of Orange peel. The Orange peels are dried and ground
powder and add this orange peel powder into a Clevenger apparatus for oil extraction, after oil extraction, this oil
is mixed with the other ingredients like, charcoal, turmeric, camphor, tulsi powder, colouring agents and water to
make a dough. Then the dough is rolled on Bamboo Sticks by Hands. Then this sticks are allowed to dry in
sunlight or a dry place. The resulting incense stick has proven to be powerful against mosquitoes and provides
protection for up to two hours. There are many advantages to using orange peel as a mosquito repellent, including
availability, affordability, and environmental friendliness. Additionally, using organic products derived from
plants reduces synthetic products and their health risks. Overall, our formulation demonstrates the potential of
orange peel as a source of mosquito repellent and provides a simple and effective way to prepare mosquito
repellent.

 KEY WORD’s: - Mosquitoes repellent, Incense sticks, Orange peel powder, Orange peel extract.
2. INTRODUCTION

 Mosquitoes are over 3600 species, which belongs to the family of culicidae.
Most of the mosquitoes are seen in the region of tropical and sub-tropical
region. Mosquitoes causes several diseases like malaria, dengue, and yellow
fever. Mosquito repellents will repel the mosquitoes from biting humans. Many
synthetic mosquito repellents available in the market are causing more side
effects like respiratory problems, coughing and irritation and also cause toxic
effects to pregnant woman both woman and child. So to cure this mosquito
repellent incense sticks are used which based on natural ingredients such as
orange peel extracted limonene oil, tulsi, turmeric, camphor, charcoal which act
as natural mosquito repellent. When this mosquito repellent is ignited. The
smoke that is emitted from burning a mosquito incense sticks which contain
active ingredients used to prevent mosquito biting particularly in night time and
in those places where a large amount of mosquitoes is seen in a particular area.
 3. OBJECTIVE AND BENFITS OF INCENSE STICKS

 OBJEVTIVE  BENEFITS OF INCENSE STICKS:-

1. The objective of mosquito repellent incense 1. Mosquito repellent incense sticks offer benefits like
sticks is to provide an effective, eco-friendly, being highly effective in repelling mosquitoes,
and safe method to repel mosquitoes using made with natural ingredients like orange peel
extract, turmeric, tulsi, and camphor which is safe
herbal ingredients.
and non-toxic for all ages, convenient for indoor
2. These incense sticks aim to offer mosquito and outdoor use, affordable, and providing
protection without toxic effects, ensuring ease protection for several hours.
of use for all age groups. 2. These sticks emit a pleasant aroma while repelling
3. The key goals include creating a pleasant- mosquitoes, are safe around children and pets, and
smelling product that repels mosquitoes are a cost-effective way to protect against mosquito-
borne diseases like dengue fever.
effectively, is cost-efficient, easily portable,
and does not cause harm to humans 3. Additionally, some incense sticks are plant-based,
free from toxic fillers, and contribute to
environmental and community causes
 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS I. INGREDIENTS
I. LIMONENE OIL ( ORANGE PEEL EXTRACT) :- 2.LIMONENE OIL:-
The peels of oranges and other citrus fruits are used to make
1. ORANGE PEEL POWDER :- an oil called limonene. For generations, people have
Orange is a citrus fruit which belongs to the Rutaceae family. extracted essential oils such as limonene from citrus fruits.
They are a good source of dietary fiber and vitamin C, among Today, limonene is a widely used remedy for many health
other important nutrients. Oranges are generally round or oval problems and is a widely used household product. Limonene
in shape, hard-skinned, and come in a variety of colors, from is found in the peel of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes and
orange to yellow-orange. The inner fruit is segmented, juicy, oranges. Orange peels contain approximately 97% essential
sweet or sour, depending on the type. oil and are present in certain concentrations. Its parent form,
Orange peel is the colored layer of the orange peel that d-limonene, is often used in the name. Limonene is a
protects the fruit inside. They are rich in essential oils, member of the terpene group, and its strong odor can protect
flavonoids and other nutrients. Orange peel can be bitter or plants by deterring predators. Because of its strong aroma,
sweet, depending on the variety of orange and the thickness limonene is used as a botanical pesticide. It is an active
of the peel. ingredient in many pesticide products, such as
environmentally friendly pesticides. Other household
products that contain these chemicals include soaps,
shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents and air
fresheners.
I. INGREDIENTS
II. TULSI POWDER:-
 Tulsi, also known as Ocimum tenuiflorum or Ocimum 
sanctum, is a medicinal herb that belongs to the mint
family and is native to India. It is widely cultivated
throughout Southeast Asia and is known for its
antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms.
The oil obtained from the Tulsi plant possesses
antibacterial activity against organisms like Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Bacillus pumius. The leaves of
Tulsi are used to manage fevers, prevent malaria and
dengue, and manage acute respiratory disorders like
asthma, cough, influenza, cold, and bronchitis. It contains
various micronutrients such as vitamin C and
antioxidants such as Eugenol.
III. TUMERIC POWDER:-
Turmeric, a spice derived from the root of Curcuma longa, has
been shown to have natural insecticidal properties, making it a
potential alternative to chemical pesticides. The active
compounds in turmeric, including curcumin and turmerones,
have been found to have insecticidal and insect repellent
properties against various pests, such as fruit flies, aphids, and
beetles. Turmeric contains several active compounds that
contribute to its insecticidal properties, including curcumin,
volatile oils, and turmerones. Curcumin, a polyphenol
compound, has been shown to possess insecticidal and insect
repellent properties against various pests. Turmeric also
contains volatile oils, which are responsible for its aroma and
have been found to have insecticidal and insect repellent
properties. The main volatile oils in turmeric are α-turmerone,
β-turmerone, and ar-turmerone, which have demonstrated
insecticidal and insect repellent properties against various
pests.
I. INGREDIENTS
IV. CAMPHOR:-
Camphor is derived from the wood of the camphor
tree, which is found in many parts of the world,
including China, Japan, and Taiwan. It is used in
various forms, including creams, ointments, and
lotions, and can be applied to the skin to relieve
itching, irritation, and pain. Camphor has
antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory
properties, making it useful in treating skin
conditions, improving respiratory function, and
relieving pain. It is also used as a decongestant and
cough suppressant. Camphor is used as a natural
insecticide. The chemical constituents of camphor
that act as mosquito repellent are the essential oil of
camphor and its major component. It can help
eliminate insects like ants, bed bugs, and
mosquitoes.
V. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL:-
Activated charcoal is used in incense sticks to
improve their combustion, increase the burning
time, and enhance the brightness of the flame. It is
added to the incense stick formulation in small
amounts, typically less than 5% by weight, and is
mixed with other ingredients such as fragrances,
binders, and specific inorganic compounds. The
activated charcoal used in incense sticks is made
VI. WATER:-
from coconut husks, wood, or coal and is ground
into a fine powder. It has a high surface area and
porosity, which allows it to absorb odors and The Water Element Incense Sticks
harmful substances in the surrounding air when the are used to heal and clear
incense stick burns, exhibiting a deodorizing and blockages of the Heart Chakra,
purifying action. Activated charcoal is also used as increase loving-kindness, cleanse
a burning agent in incense sticks, helping to ensure and purify the environment of
that the stick burns properly and releases the unwanted energies, and aid
desired aroma. It is used to reduce the emission of relaxation and stress-relief.
toxin also. It is used to bind the all the
ingredients to form a dough.
II. PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST OF INGREDIENTS:-
1. TURMERIC POWDER
1. TEST FOR FLAVONOIDS:-
Test Reagent Result
a. Sulphuric acid On addition of sulphuric
test acid (66% to 80% )
flavones dissolve into it
and give yellow colour
b. Lead Acetate Add Lead acetate which
gives yellow colour
solution
c. Sodium Hydroxide Addition of increasing
colourisation and HCl amount of sodium
decolourisation test hydroxide to the residue
shows colouration which
decolourises with
addition of acid
2. TEST FOR ALKALOID:-
Test Reagent Result
a. Dragendorff’s Reagent To 2-3 ml filtrate add
 few drops of
Dragendorff’s reagent to 
give orange brown
colour
 b. Mayer’s Test 2-3 ml filtrate with few
drops Mayer’s reagent 
gives yellow ppt
c. Tannic Acid Test Test solution treated with
 tannic acid sol gives 
buffed colour ppt
d. Hager’s Test 2-3 ml filtrate with
Hager’s reaction gives 
yellow ppt
II. PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST OF INGREDIENTS
2. TULSI POWDER :-
Test Reagent Result/Remark
a. Test of Tannins 1 ml of distilled water and add 2-3
drops of ferric chloride solution
was added to 0.5 ml of crude
extract. A black colouration
indicates the presence of tannin. 

b. Alkaline Reagent Test 0.5 ml of crude extract was mixed

with 2 ml of 2% solution of
NaOH. An intense yellow colour
was formed 
c. Test of Saponins 1 ml of crude extract was mixed
with 5 ml of distilled water in a
test tube and it was shaken
vigorously. The formation of 
stable foam indicate the presence
of foam
d. Test of Steroid 2 ml of chloroform was added to
the extract of tulsi. Then 2 ml of
each concentrated sulphuric acid
and acetic acid were added into
mixture. The presence of steroids
was indicated by appearance of
greenish colour. 
II. PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST OF INGREDIENTS
3. CAMPHOR AND LIMONENE OIL :- As both camphor and limonene oil are volatile so
their chemical test are similar to each other. Hence the volatile oils are separated from the
distillate and the following test are performed.

Test Result/Remark
a. Volatile oils have
characteristics odour aroma 

b. Filter Paper is not

permanently stained with 
volatile oils.
III. FORMULATION TABLE
SR.NO Name of Ingredients Category Quantity

1. Limonene Oil Insect Repellent 5-6ml

(orange peel extract)

2. Tulsi powder Natural Insecticide 4-5gm

3. Turmeric Powder Natural Mosquito repellent 4-5gm

4. Camphor Natural Insecticide 4-5gm

5. Activated Charcoal Reduces Emission of Toxin 4-5gm

and also used as binding
agent
6. Water Natural Ingredient Quantity Sufficient
IV. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF INCENSE STICKS: -

1. Collect and dry the Orange peels: -

1. Collect the orange peel and wash them thoroughly with water.
2. Then let them dry in the sunlight for a few days until they are complete
dry.

2. Grind the Orange peels: -Use a grinder or mortar and pestle to grind the
dried orange peels into a fine Powder Limonene oil from.

3. Extraction of essential oil (D-limonene) from Clevenger Apparatus

(Hydro distillation): -

3. The fine powder of orange peel measuring 10.6 gm is added into the
500ml round bottom flask and quantity sufficient amount of water
(distilled water) is added into the flask.
4. After this boiling chips where add into the round bottom flask to avoid
bumping and ensure calm boiling.
5. Then the flask is heated slowly for 3-4 hours at 30-40 degree Celsius.

4. The distillate from two layers in Clevenger apparatus with organic

compound at upper portion and hydrosol at bottom portion.
IV. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF INCENSE STICKS: -

4. Mixing of Ingredients: -
1. Mix the limonene oil with Charcoal Powder, Turmeric
powder, Camphor, Tulsi-Powder.
2. Slowly add it water to the mixture while stirring
continuously until it forms a thick paste or dough.
5. Making of Incense Sticks: -Take a small proportion of
Dough and roll it on to Bamboo Sticks by hands until it gets
perfectly covered.
6. Dry the Incense Sticks: - Let the sticks dry in cool, dry
place until the paste or dough gets stick to the bamboo sticks
and get completely dried.

7. Burn the incense Sticks: - When a want to use this incense

sticks enlighten the stick from tip of the stick and let it burn
for few seconds. Then blow out the flame and place the stick
incense stick in a stick holder (Agarbatti holder).
V. EVALUATION AND RESULT OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT INCENSE STICKS: -

1. Burning on Users: - Test was done by simply selecting mosquitoes from areas in the evening and night period. The public remarks were noted
down after allowing them to investigate mosquito repellent activity. The effects such irritation, coughing were observed and recorded.

2. Fume test: - A fume test used to detect the colour and smell of the fumes that are released when a product is burned, to identify the presence of
specific compounds.

3. Toxicity test: -Toxicity test is done to ensure that the prepared dhoop is safe for use. Whether the incense causes harm or not is checked.

RESULT OF EVALUATION OF MOSQUITO REPELLENT INCENSE STICKS:-

Test Observation Remark
a. Burning of Users 1. Houses: -
Mosquitoes escaped 
Less irritation, mosquitoes repelled

2. Hostel: -
Mosquitoes escaped
No irritation, 
Mosquitoes repelled

b. Fume Test The fume produced from incense sticks was whitish in colour
which indicate the incense sticks does not contain any
hazardous substances.


c. Toxicity Test As the incense sticks contain all natural ingredients it does not
cause any toxic effects.

VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
1. SUMMARY: -
An organic and natural substitute for mosquito repellents with chemical based is mosquito repellent incense sticks prepared from
orange peels. The natural insecticide limonene which keeps mosquitoes away is abundant in orange peels. The orange peels are
dried and then powdered into a fine powder and then further oil extracted from orange peel to create the incense sticks. This
extracted oil is used with additional all-natural insect repellents such activated Charcoal powder, tulsi powder, camphor and
turmeric. In order to create incense sticks that can be smoked like traditional incense, the mixture is then made into a paste and
rolled on to bamboo sticks. The incense sticks emit a fragrant smoke when smoked that deters insects like mosquitoes. Although
there is little scientific evidence to support the efficacy of mosquito repellents manufactured from orange peels, many people in
India and other areas of the world have used incense sticks made from orange peels for generations with good success. It’s crucial
to keep in mind though that natural repellents for mosquitoes could not be as efficient as chemical-based ones and might require
more frequent reapplication. It’s also a good idea to try a new product on a small patch of skin first because some people might be
allergic to the components in natural mosquito repellents.
2. CONCLUSION: -
The information that is currently available suggests that producing an orange peel-based insect repellent incense sticks is available
alternative. Limonene and Citral two substances that are known to have insect-repelling qualities, are found in orange peels. It is
crucial to remember that the effectiveness of the incense sticks may differ based on elements including the concentration of these
chemicals, the manner of manufacture, and the particular kind of mosquito in the area. Making ensuring that incense sticks is
created with safe, non-toxic substances and that it doesn’t endanger the health of people or animals is also crucial. Additionally,
it’s critical to use the incense sticks in a well-ventilated space and to take all necessary safety measures when lighting and
handling it. Overall, manufacturing an orange-peel-based insect repellent incense sticks may be a safe and efficient technique to
ward off mosquitoes, but it is crucial to proceed carefully and to carefully assess the safety and efficacy of the product.
VII. REFERENCES

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VII. REFERENCES
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