History Of ICT

• The history of Information and

Communication Technology (ICT)
encompasses the evolution of technologies
and systems used to handle information and
facilitate communication. Here's an
overview of its development:
Early Beginnings

• Ancient Tools: Early methods of communication

included pictograms, smoke signals, and
messenger systems.
• Writing Systems: The invention of writing
around 3200 BCE in Mesopotamia and Egypt
marked the beginning of recorded information.
Pre-Modern Era

• Printing Press: In 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the

printing press, revolutionizing the dissemination of
information.
• Telegraph: In the 1830s, Samuel Morse developed the
telegraph, enabling long-distance communication using
Morse code.
• Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell patented the
telephone in 1876, allowing real-time voice
communication over long distances.
Early 20th Century

• Radio and Television: Radio broadcasting began

in the 1920s, followed by the first television
broadcasts in the 1930s, transforming mass
communication.
Mid-20th Century

• Computers: The development of the first electronic

computers in the 1940s, such as ENIAC, marked the
beginning of the digital age.
• Transistors: Invented in 1947, transistors replaced vacuum
tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.
• Satellites: The launch of communication satellites in the
1960s enabled global broadcasting and telecommunications.
Late 20th Century

• Internet: Originating from the ARPANET in the late 1960s, the internet
became a global network by the 1990s, revolutionizing information
access and communication.
• Personal Computers: The 1980s saw the rise of personal computers
(PCs), making computing accessible to the general public.
• Mobile Phones: Mobile communication began in the 1980s and
became widespread by the 1990s, leading to the development of
smartphones.
21st Century

• Broadband and Wireless: The proliferation of broadband internet and

wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi and 4G/5G, facilitated high-speed,
ubiquitous connectivity.
• Social Media: Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, emerging in
the mid-2000s, transformed social interaction and information sharing.
• Cloud Computing: Cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft
Azure have revolutionized data storage, processing, and software delivery.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Advancements in AI and machine learning are
driving innovation in various fields, from healthcare to autonomous
vehicles.
Present and Future

• IoT (Internet of Things): IoT connects everyday devices to the

internet, enabling smart homes, cities, and industries.
• 5G Networks: 5G technology is providing faster and more reliable
internet connections, supporting new applications like augmented
reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).
• Quantum Computing: Still in its infancy, quantum computing
promises to solve complex problems beyond the reach of classical
computers.