DIRECT AND

INDIRECT SPEECH
TRESNA NUR ANDINI, M.PD
 DEFINITION OF DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech refers to the verbatim quoting or reporting of someone's exact

words, as they were spoken or written, without any alteration or paraphrasing. This form of
speech is used to relay conversations, statements, or dialogue precisely as they were
originally expressed by the speaker or writer.
 CHARACTERISTIC DIRECT SPEECH

• Quotation Marks: Direct speech is typically enclosed within quotation marks (" ") to indicate that the exact words of the speaker are being reported.

• Verbatim Reporting: Direct speech presents the speaker's words exactly as they were spoken or written, without any alteration or paraphrasing.

• Punctuation Inside Quotation Marks: In English, punctuation marks such as commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation marks are placed
inside the quotation marks when they are part of the quoted speech.

• Use of Reporting Verbs: Direct speech often includes reporting verbs such as "said," "asked," "shouted," "whispered," etc., to attribute the speech to
a specific speaker.

• Preservation of Tone and Style: Direct speech maintains the original tone, style, and nuances of the speaker, providing a more immediate and vivid
portrayal of the speaker's intentions and emotions.

• Clarity and Transparency: Direct speech offers clarity and transparency by directly presenting the speaker's words, allowing readers or listeners to
understand the message without interpretation or inference.

• Integration into Narrative: Direct speech is commonly used in narratives, dialogues, interviews, and reported conversations to bring characters to
life and advance the plot or storyline.
 EXAMPLE OF DIRECT SPEECH

• "I can't believe it!" exclaimed Emily.

• John said, "I'll be there at 3 o'clock."
• "What are you doing?" asked Sarah.
 DEFINITION OF INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect speech, also known as reported speech or indirect discourse, refers to the
act of reporting or conveying what someone else has said without quoting their exact words
verbatim. Instead of directly quoting the speaker, indirect speech involves paraphrasing or
summarizing their original statement while maintaining the meaning and intention of the
message.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIRECT SPEECH

• No Quotation Marks: Unlike direct speech, indirect speech does not require quotation marks to indicate that the speaker's words are being reported indirectly.

• Reported Speech Integration: In indirect speech, the reported words are integrated into the structure of the reporting sentence, usually introduced by reporting
verbs such as "said," "told," "asked," etc.

• Paraphrasing or Summarizing: Instead of quoting the speaker's words verbatim, indirect speech involves paraphrasing or summarizing the original statement
while preserving its meaning and intention.

• Changes in Pronouns and Verb Tenses: Pronouns and verb tenses may need to be adjusted in indirect speech to reflect the change from the speaker's viewpoint
to the reporter's viewpoint. For example, "I" might become "he" or "she," and present tense may change to past tense.

• Time and Place Expressions: Time and place expressions in the reported speech may need to be adjusted to fit the context of the reporting situation.

• No Direct Speech Marks: In English, punctuation marks such as commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation marks are placed outside the quotation marks
when they are part of the reporting sentence.

• Tone and Style: While indirect speech conveys the meaning and essence of the original statement, it may not fully capture the tone and style of the speaker as
effectively as direct speech.

• Clarity and Conciseness: Indirect speech is often used to summarize or convey information in a more concise and indirect manner, providing clarity while
avoiding unnecessary repetition or verbosity.
 EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT SPEECH

• Direct Speech: Mary said, "I am going to the movies." Indirect Speech: Mary said that
she was going to the movies.
• Direct Speech: Sarah said, "They have finished the project." Indirect Speech: Sarah said
that they had finished the project.
• Direct Speech: Tom asked, "Are you going to the party?" Indirect Speech: Tom asked if
I was going to the party.
 PRACTICES OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Direct Speech: "I am reading a book," said Sarah. Indirect Speech: Sarah said that she was reading a book.

2. Direct Speech: “………………………." Tom said. Indirect Speech: Tom said that they would go to the beach the next day.

3. Direct Speech: "Please turn off the lights," she said. Indirect Speech:………………….

4. Direct Speech: “……………………." said the teacher. Indirect Speech: The teacher said that they had already finished their homework.

5. Direct Speech: “…………………….." Emily said. Indirect Speech: Emily said that she had seen him at the park the day before.

6. Direct Speech: "Where are you going?" he asked. Indirect Speech:…………………….

7. Direct Speech: “……………………" asked Jack. Indirect Speech: Jack asked if I could help him with that math problem.

8. Direct Speech: "I will call you later," said Alice. Indirect Speech:……………………

9. Direct Speech: "We have to finish the project by Friday," the manager said. Indirect Speech:……………………….

10. Direct Speech: “………………….." she asked. Indirect Speech: She asked if I was feeling better.