Faculty of Engineering & Technology(Co-Edu)

Department of

Mechanical Engineering
B.Tech. 2nd Semester
ESC-Introduction to Mechanical Engineering(22ESC244)
PRASHANT MULGE
M.Tech. in AI & DS, Production Engg, (Ph.D)
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Module-III Faculty of Engineering & Technology (Co-Ed.)
Machine Tool Operations Sharnbasva University Kalaburagi
& Karntaka-India
Advanced Manufacturing System Email: pachimulge@gmail.com Ph.No.: 80955 48003
 Module-3 Syllabus
5 Working of Milling Machine
1 Working Principle of lathe machine

6 Milling operations: plane milling and

Lathe operations: Turning, facing, knurling slot milling
2

7 Components of CNC Machine

3 Working principles of Drilling Machine

8 Advantages and Applications of CNC

4 Drilling operations: drilling, boring, reaming

9 3D Printing Machine
 24-05-2024

Todays Topics

Introduction to Machine Tool Operations

Working Principle of Lathe Machine

Lathe Operations: Facing, Turning, Knurling

 Machine Tool Operations
Machine tool operations are processes that use cutting tools to shape
and cut metal to achieve a desired size and shape.
Machine tool operation refers to the process of using machines to perform various
operations on materials, typically metals, to shape, cut, drill, or finish them into
desired forms or components. These operations are essential in manufacturing and
fabrication industries and involve a variety of machine tools designed for specific
tasks.
 Machine Tool Operations

Machine Tool Operation

+ +
 Different types of Machines

Lathe Machine Milling Machine

 Different types of Machines

Drilling Machine Shaper Machine

Different types of Tools
Different types of Tools
 Facing

Lathe Machine Turning

Knurling
Drilling

Drilling Machine Boring

Reaming

Plane Milling
Milling Machine
Slot Milling
Lathe Machine
Working Principle of Lathe Machine
 Workpiece Rotation: The core principle of a lathe machine
is the rotation of the workpiece. This rotation is achieved
through a spindle, driven by an electric motor, which
transmits power to the spindle through a belt drive, gear
mechanism, or other transmission system.

 Workpiece Mounting: The workpiece is mounted on the

lathe in one of several ways:
 Chucks: These are devices with adjustable jaws to hold the
workpiece. They are commonly used for cylindrical
workpieces.
 Tool Movement: While the workpiece rotates, cutting tools
are applied to shape it. The movement of these tools is
controlled by various mechanisms:
 Cutting Action: The cutting tool is brought into
contact with the rotating workpiece. As the workpiece
rotates and the tool moves, material is removed to
create the desired shape. The speed of rotation
(revolutions per minute or RPM) and the rate of tool
movement (feed rate) can be adjusted for different
materials and operations.
 Lathe Machine Operations

Facing Turning Knurling

Lathe Machine Operation-Facing
 Lathe Machine Operation-Facing
 It is an operation of reducing the length of the workpiece by
feeding the perpendicular to the lathe axis.
 Facing operations on a lathe involve the process of removing
material from the face or end of a workpiece to create a flat
surface. The lathe machine holds the workpiece in a rotating
spindle, while a cutting tool, such as a lathe tool or a facing tool, is
brought into contact with the rotating workpiece.
 The facing tool is positioned perpendicular to the axis of rotation
and is fed towards the workpiece. As the workpiece rotates, the
facing tool cuts into the material, removing chips and gradually
shaping the face of the workpiece. The depth of cut and feed rate
are controlled to achieve the desired surface finish and
dimensional accuracy.
 Lathe Machine Operation-Facing
 Facing operations on a lathe are commonly used to create flat
surfaces on cylindrical workpieces, remove any imperfections
or roughness, prepare surfaces for subsequent operations, or
ensure proper alignment and fit during assembly.
 It is important to secure the workpiece properly in the lathe
chuck or collet to ensure stability during the facing operation.
Additionally, selecting the appropriate cutting tool, adjusting
the cutting parameters, and maintaining proper coolant or
lubrication are essential for achieving accurate and smooth
facing results.
Lathe Machine Operation-Turning
 Lathe Machine Operation-Turning
 Turning is a lathe machining operation that removes material

from the outer diameter of a rotating workpiece to reduce its

diameter to a desired dimension. This process uses a single-

point cutting tool that moves in a linear motion along the

workpiece's surface, removing material until the desired

diameter is achieved. Turning can be applied to the external

or internal surfaces of a cylindrical workpiece, creating

tubular components with diverse geometries.

 Lathe Machine Operation-Turning
 Turning typically comprises two stages: rough turning and

finishing. The main objective of turning is to reduce the workpiece

diameter to the desired dimension, while also achieving a good surface

finish and manufacturing parts with high tolerances.

 During the turning process, the workpiece is placed right between the

center and spun at the desired pace. The lathe machine then starts

making a movement in the longitudinal direction in order to move

towards the headstock along the perfect cut of depth. The cutting tool

can move along one, two, or three axes of motion to achieve precise

diameters and depths.

Lathe Machine Operation-Knurling
 Lathe Machine Operation-Knurling
 Knurling is a lathe machining process that creates a diamond-shaped
pattern on a workpiece surface. It is done by using hardened metal
wheels with special shapes to enhance the workpiece’s appearance and
provide a better grip.
 This process creates small ridges along the surface of the metal object
so that it can be easily handled or lifted. These small ridges are a
combination of horizontal, vertical, or crossing lines on the surface of
the workpiece.

 In addition, these knurled patterns improve grip, increase friction, or

repair worn parts. The knurling process is usually done on a lathe
machine. When a press fit is required between two parts, straight
knurling is often used to increase the diameter of the workpiece
 Lathe Machine Operation-Knurling
Purpose of Knurling Operation

 When knurled, a product can present an attractive pattern on its surface

that enhances its overall aesthetic value. However, most people will like
that textured finishes are more attractive than smooth finishes.

 In addition to its aesthetics, there are practical reasons for

manufacturing companies to adopt knurling. It is common for hand
tools, such as screwdrivers, to be knurled, which provides a better grip
and makes them more usable.
 25-05-2024

Todays Topics

Working Principle of Drilling Machine

Drilling Operations: Drilling, Boring,

Reaming
 Working Principle of Drilling Machine
Rotational Motion: The primary action in a drilling machine is
the rotation of a drill bit. This rotation is driven by a motor,
typically an electric motor, which transmits power to the drill
spindle.
Linear Motion: Along with the rotational motion, there's a linear
(vertical) motion. This is achieved through a feed mechanism
that allows the drill bit to move into the material. This motion
is controlled by the operator or automatically in some
machines.
Cutting and Chip Formation: The rotating drill bit cuts into the
material, creating chips. The shape and design of the drill bit
determine the efficiency of chip removal and the quality of
the hole.
 Working Principle of Drilling Machine

Cooling and Lubrication: To manage heat generated by the

drilling process, many drilling operations use coolants or
lubricants. These fluids also help in chip removal and prolong
the life of the drill bit.
Clamping and Workpiece Stability: To ensure accuracy and
safety, the workpiece (the material being drilled) must be
securely clamped or held in place. This prevents movement
during drilling, which can lead to poor-quality holes or safety
risks.
 Drilling Machine Operation-Drilling
Drilling is a cutting process where a
drill bit is spun to cut a hole of circular
cross-section in solid materials. The
drill bit is usually a rotary cutting
tool, often multi-point. The bit is
pressed against the work-piece and
rotated at rates from hundreds to
thousands of revolutions per minute.
 Drilling Machine Operation-Boring

 It is process carried on a drilling machine

to increase the size of an already drilled
hole.
 Initially a hole is drilled to the nearest size
and using a boring tool the size of the hole
is increased.
 It is used to drill non standard size holes.
 Drilling Machine Operation-Reaming

 It is a process of smoothing the surface of

drilled holes with a tool.
 Tool is called as reamer.
 Initially a hole is drilled slightly smaller in size.
 Drill is replaced by reamer.
 Speed is reduced to half that of the drilling.
 31-05-2024

Todays Topics

Mechanical Department Visit

Machine Shop & IC Engine

 01-06-2024

Todays Topics

Working Principle of Milling Machine

Milling Operations: Plane Milling & Slot

Milling
 Milling Machine

Milling is a type
of machining process that
uses a rotating cutter to
remove material in a
controlled manner from a
workpiece.
Milling Cutter
 Working Principle of Milling Machine
 The milling machine is the main machining operations. In this process,
workpiece is fed beside a turning cylindrical tool. The turning tool has
of several cutting edges. The milling process is notable as of other
machining operations on the foundation of direction between the tool
axis with the feed direction, though, in other operations similar to
drilling, turning, and so on. The tool is fed in a way parallel to the axis
of rotation. Milling machines can also use for slotting, drilling, make a
circular profile with gear cutting by having proper attachments.
 The cutting tool used in milling operation is called milling cutter,
which has of numerous edges call teeth. Machine tool to make the
milling operations by produce necessary relative movement among
workpiece and tool is call milling machine. It gives necessary relative
motion under extremely controlled conditions.
 Working Principle of Milling Machine
 Milling is a metal removal process by means of using a rotating cutter
having one or more cutting teeth as illustrated in figure Cutting action
is carried out by feeding the workpiece against the rotating cutter.
Thus, the spindle speed, the table feed, the depth of cut, and the
rotating direction of the cutter become the main parameters of the
process. Good results can only be achieved with well balanced settings
of these parameters.
 In this work is rigidly clamped on the table of the machine while
revolving multi teeth cutter mounted either on the spindle or on an
arbor. The cutter revolves at high speed and the work is fed slowly past
the cutter. The work can be fed vertical, longitudinal, or cross direction.
As the work advances, the cutter teeth remove the metal from the work
surface to produce the desired shape.
Up Milling & Down Milling
 Milling Machine Operation-Plane Milling
 Plain milling (also known as slab milling) is a subtractive

manufacturing process which means it involves removing portions of

material from a workpiece to form the desired product. However,

unlike the conventional subtractive manufacturing process, the

process requires that the rotating axis of the cutting tool is parallel to

the surface of the workpiece

 In plain milling, the workpiece is usually fixed on a worktable. This

worktable moves and feeds the workpiece against the cutter, allowing

machinists to create a plain, flat, and horizontal surface parallel to the

axis of the cutting tool.

 Milling Machine Operation-Slot Milling
 Slot milling is a machining process in which a rotating tool with multiple
cutting edges is used to create grooves in a workpiece. This method
manufactures components with precision slots, keyways, or channels. Slot
milling is a versatile and accurate machining technology.
 The main applications of slot milling include: the creation of pockets,
keyways, and slots in a range of workpieces.
 Products and machines produced by a variety of industries require slots for
assembly or basic functionality. Slot milling makes it possible to precisely
fabricate parts like: gears, pulleys, and other mechanical parts.
 Slot milling enables the production of dimensionally accurate geometries
that would be difficult to achieve by other means.