GAD AND SOGIE

Understanding our differences

PMAJ SHELLAMIE T CHANG

C,PIS/IORC, RCADD, PRO9
 THE DIFFERENCE:

Between Gender and Sex

SEX
 Biological fact; a natural distinguishing
variable
 Genetic : Chromosomes, hormones
 Physical: body contour, features, genitals,
reproductive organs
 Label: female or male; man or woman; boy or
girl
GENDER

 Social or cultural construct about men and

women
 Characteristics
 Perceptions
 Roles
 Attitudes
 Behaviors

Sex is what you are born with. Gender is what happens

afterwards!
Gender and Development: Basic Concepts

What is Gender Bias?

Gender bias is a behavior that
shows favoritism toward one
gender over another. Most
often, gender bias is the act
of favoring men and/or boys
over women and/or girls.

-Rothchild, J. (2014)
Gender and Development: Basic Concepts

Gender Discrimination
To give differential treatment to individuals
on the grounds of their gender.
Gender and Development: Gender, Power, and
Development

GENDER SENSITIVITY

ability to RECOGNIZE gender

issues, and GIVE RESPECT for
the individual regardless of his/her
gender.
What do you see?

#SerbisyongNagkakaisa
 Feminine Masculine

PERCEPTION Weak, emotional, Strong, rational,

secondary, can’t think primary, can’t feel

No hard work, no Hard work, leader,

ROLES leadership, not a boss, no care-giving
boss, no decision-
making

Stay at home, just Don’t make women

EXPECTATIONS obey, don’t assert, do hard work, always
don’t participate in be smart, get the
deciding best, don’t cry
 Sexual Orientation +
Gender Identity and Expression =

SOGIE
Sexual orientation
the accurate term for an individual’s
enduring physical, romantic and/or
emotional attraction to members of the
same and/or opposite sex.
“Who am I attracted to?”
- Homosexual (home = same)
- Bisexual
- Heterosexual (hetero = opposite)

Labels and terms vary based on the country,

culture and generation.
Gender Identity
One’s internal and subjective experience of
being a man or a woman (or a boy or a girl) that
may or may not be matched to his/her sex at
birth.

“Who am I?”
TRANSGENDER: An umbrella term for people whose
gender identity and/or gender expression differs
from their assigned sex.

Terms coined by trans activist groups in the

Philippines: Trans Pinay and Trans Pinoy
Gender Expression
External manifestation of one’s
gender identity. This is usually
manifested through one’s clothing,
haircut, mannerisms, voice or body
characteristics.
 Who among you
know lesbian,
gay, bisexual, or
transgender
persons?
LGBTQIA
 L- LESBIAN
 G - GAY
 B - BISEXUAL
 T – TRANSGENDER
 Q – QUEER or QUESTIONING
 I – INTERSEX
 A - ASEXUAL
Androgyne/Gender Neutral

Someone who expresses themselves in such a way that

they do not wish to be perceived as any one gender.

Boi/Boy/Tomboy

These terms describe someone who expresses themself

in a way that is traditionally described as “boyish.”

Butch/Masc

Butch, or masc, describes someone who expresses

themselves in a way that is traditionally considered
“masculine.”
Femme

Femme is used by people who express themselves in

a way that is traditionally perceived as “feminine.”

Gender Nonconforming

While occasionally used as a gender identity, gender

nonconforming is most commonly used to describe a
gender expression that is different from cultural
stereotypes associated with that person’s perceived
gender or their gender assigned at birth.
REMEMBER: These are basic
guides not rules
 While these are the common definitions of
being LGBT, these are not set in stone and
can change from person to person.
 If a person does not fit these
parameters/definitions, it does not mean
that they are any less of a person of diverse
SOGI who is vulnerable to GBV and
discrimination based on their SOGI.
4 PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION

Manipulation
refers to ways where parents deter or
encourage behavior on the basis of
appropriateness in regards to gender

Canalization
*refers to the way in which parents channel
the child's interests in activities in
conjunction with gender as deemed
appropriate.

30
4 PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION
Verbal Appellations
use of language to label children in a way
that reinforces appropriate gender
identification.

Activity Exposures
activities conformity to norms and practices
that reinforces appropriate gender
identification.

31
 Things to
remember
When interacting with persons of
diverse SOGI who have experienced
gender based violence or discrimination
REMEMBER:
 Do not assume. You cannot tell that someone
is LGBT just by looking at them.
 Be respectful.
 Donot ask about a person’s genitals, surgical
status, how they have sex, and other personal
details that are not relevant to your
investigation.
 If you are not sure about the names or
pronouns they prefer to use, ask
 “How do you want me to address you?”
 Stick to these pronouns or names
REMEMBER:
 Be careful about confidentiality, disclosure,
and outing.
 Ittakes incredible trust for a person of diverse
SOGI to disclose their status to you. Do not
casually share this information, or “gossip” about
a person’s SOGI.
 Avoid insincere compliments or “helpful”
tips.
 “You look just like a real woman”
 “You’d look so much better if you wore
less/more make-up, etc.”
REMEMBER:
 Understand that a person’s identity, labels, and
decisions for their bodies are their own and
should be respected.
 There are many terms and labels that persons of diverse
SOGI use to describe their experiences.
 If a person comes to you and is unsure of the label that
fits them best, give them the time and space to figure it
out for themselves. Don’t tell them what term you think
they should use. You wouldn’t want your identity to be
defined by others, so please allow others to define
themselves.
 These terms and labels may change in the course of your
interaction with them.
The Bottom Line is:
To treat everyone who comes to
your desk as you would any
human being who has
experienced gender-based
violence or discrimination and is
in need of your help.
Any Questions?
 Thank You!

rainbowrightsproject@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/rainbowrightsphilippines