Object Oriented Programming

using C++

Topic: C++ Basics

Mr.B. Srinu
 Contents

Structure of a C++ Program


Data Types


Operators
 Strcuture of C++ Program

Header File Section

Preprocessor Directives

Global Declaration Section

Class definition

Member Function definition section

Main function section

 Simple C++ Program
#include <iostream.h>
Using namespace std;
#define PI 3.142
float r;
class Circle // Class definition
{
private:
float area; // Data Member
public:
void read() // Member function
{
cout<"Enter the radius of the circle:";
cin>>r;
}};
 Simple C++ Program

void Circle::display()
{
area = PI * r*r;
cout<< "Area of circle is " <<area;
}

int main ( )
{
Circle c1;
c1.read();
c1.display();
return 0;
}
 Datatypes
Primitive Data Type Categories:


Integer

Character

Floating point numbers

Boolean

void

Datatype modifiers:


signed / unsigned

short / long
 Datatypes
DATA TYPE SIZE (IN BYTES) RANGE

short int 2 -32,768 to 32,767

unsigned short int 2 0 to 65,535
unsigned int 4 0 to 4,294,967,295
int 4 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long int 4 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
long long int 8 -(2^63) to (2^63)-1
unsigned long long int 8 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
signed char 1 -128 to 127
unsigned char 1 0 to 255
float 4
double 8
long double 12
 Variables

Named location in memory, used to hold a value
that may be modified by the program.



Syntax:
type variable_list;


Example:
int i,j,l;
short int si;
unsigned int ui;
double balance, profit, loss;
 Operators

Type of Operation to be carried out


Types

Unary , Binary , Ternary


Operators in C++ are:
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Bit-wise Operators
Conditional operator (?)
Assignment Operator
& , * operators
 Arithmetic Operators

int i=10, j=20;

k=i++ + ++j => ?
k=--i + j-- => ?
K= i++ + --i + ++j + --i => ? ( i,j,k)
 Relational Operators

int i=20 , j=6

bool x=i>j => true
bool x=i<j => false
bool x=(i==j) => false
bool x=(i!=j) => true
 Logical Operators

bool x=true , y=false

z= x && y => false

z= x || y => true

z= !x => false
 Bitwise Operators

int a=2 , b=4

c=a&b =>0
c=a|b =>6
c=a^b =>6
c=~a =>-3
c=a<<1 =>4
c=a>>1 => 1
 Conditional Operators
Ternary Operator

Alternate to if-then-else form

Exp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;

int x = 10;

int y = x>9 ? 100 : 200;

y is assigned the value 100.

 Other Operators
Assignment Operator:

variable_name = expression;

sizeof operator:
double f;
sizeof f => 8
sizeof(int)) => 4

The & and * Pointer Operators:

int a=10; Adress a =>100
int *p = &a; Address p => 200
int **q= &p; Address q=> 300

&a => 100 , *p => 10

&p => ? *q => ? q => ?
**q => ? *(&q)
 Summary


Structure of C++ Program


Data Types


Operators