Object Oriented Programming

using C++

Topic: C++ Basics

Mr. B. Srinu
 Contents


Operators


Expressions


Type Conversions


Control Statements
 Operators

Type of Operation to be carried out

Types

Unary , Binary , Ternary

Operators in C++ are:
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Bit-wise Operators
Conditional operator (?)
Assignment Operator
& , * operators
 Arithmetic Operators

int i=10, j=20;

k=i++ + ++j => ?
k=--i + j-- => ?
K= i++ + --i + ++j + --i => ? ( i,j,k)
 Relational Operators

int i=20 , j=6

bool x=i>j => true
bool x=i<j => false
bool x=(i==j) => false
bool x=(i!=j) => true
 Logical Operators

bool x=true , y=false

z= x && y => false
z= x || y => true
z= !x => false
 Bitwise Operators

int a=2 , b=4

c=a&b =>0
c=a|b =>6
c=a^b =>6
c=~a =>-3
c=a<<1 =>4
c=a>>1 => 1
 Conditional Operators

Ternary Operator


Alternate to if-then-else form

Exp1 ? Exp2 : Exp3;

int x = 10;

int y = x>9 ? 100 : 200;

y is assigned the value 100.

 Other Operators
Assignment Operator:

variable_name = expression;

sizeof operator:
double f;
sizeof f => 8
sizeof(int)) => 4
 Other Operators

The Dot (.) and Arrow ( ->)

struct employee

{

char name[80];

int age;

float wage;

} e1;


e1.age=20;


struct employee *p = &e1;

p->age=22;
 Other Operators

The & and * Pointer Operators:



int a=10; Adress a =>100

int *p = &a; Address p => 200

int **q= &p; Address q=> 300


&a => 100 , *p => 10

&p => ? *q => ? q => ?

**q => ? *(&q) => ?
Expressions –
Operator Precedence
 Type Conversions - Implicit

bool -> char -> short int -> int ->

unsigned int -> long -> unsigned -> long
long -> float -> double ->
long double
Type Conversions - Cast

Force an expression to be of a

specific type by using a cast


(type) expression

double x = 1.2;

int sum = (int)x + 1;

Flow Control Statements
Selection Statements
if , if-else , if-else-if
switch

Iterative Statements or Loops

while
do-while
for

Unconditional Jump Statements

break
continue
return
goto
Selection Statements
Simple if:
if (expression) statement;

if-else:
if (expression)
statement;
else
statement;

if-else-if:
if (expression) statement;
else
if (expression) statement;
else if (expression) statement;
 Selection Statements
switch (expression) {
case constant1:statement sequence
break;
case constant2:statement sequence
break;
case constant3:statement sequence
break;
.
.
.
default:statement sequence
}
Selection Statements
int a=50;
switch(a)
{
default: a=45;
case 49: a++;
case 50: a--;
case 51: a =a+1;
}
cout<<a;

Output -> ?
 Iterative Statements
for(initialization; condition;
increment)
statement;

while(condition) statement;

do {
statement;
} while(condition);
 Iterative Statements
int i = 1, j = 1;
for(--i && j++ ; i<10; i+=2)
{
cout<<"loop ";
}
o/p -> ?

for( ; ; ;)
{
cout<<”A”;
}
O/ p -> ?
 Summary


Operators


Expressions


Type Conversions