Object Oriented Programming

using C++

Topic: Object Oriented Thinking

 Contents

Programming Paradigms

Need for OOP

Procedure Oriented vs OOP

OOP Concepts

Abstraction

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism
 Programming Paradigms


Procedure Oriented Programming


Logic Programming


Functional Programming


Object Oriented Programming
Procedure Oriented Programming

Emphasis on procedure in terms of
underlying machine model.

Ability to reuse the code

Eg: C, PASCAL , C++
 Procedure Oriented Programming

Factorial Program in C:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,fact=1,number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d",&number);
for(i=1;i<=number;i++){
fact=fact*i; }
printf("Factorial of %d is:

%d",number,fact);
return 0;
 Logic Programming

Emphasis on knowledge base and the problem


Very much like proof of mathematical


statement


Solves logical problems like puzzles, series

Eg: Prolog
 Logic Programming
Format : relation(entity1, entity2,

....k'th entity).
Example :
friends(raju, mahesh).
singer(sonu).
odd_number(5).
These facts can be interpreted as :
raju and mahesh are friends.
sonu is a singer.
 Functional
Programming

Based on Mathemetical Functions and Lists


Language independent


Execution of series of Mathematical functions


Eg: LISP , Javascript
 Functional
Programming

Example – LISP: Factorial of ‘n’


Program:
(defun factorial (n)
(if (= n 0)
1
(* n (factorial (- n 1))) ) )
(loop for i from 0 to 16
do (format t "~D! = ~D~%" i
(factorial i)) )
 Object Oriented Programming

Emphasis on Data rather than Process.

Object is the basic entity is object.

Handle almost all kind of real life problems.
Eg: SIMULA, SMALLTALK , C++, JAVA
 Object Oriented Programming
class factorial{ void main()
int f, n; {
public:
factorial ob;
void fact();
ob.fact();
};
getch();
void factorial::fact()
{ }
f=1;
cout<<"\nEnter a Number:";
cin>>n;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
f=f*i;
cout<<"\nFactorial of "<<n<<" is"<<f; }
 Need for OOP
To make your code:

Easier to read, manage,

update and implement.

Performance improvement by fast execution

Data Security

Easy code updation

Simplify
 Eminent Persons

Alan Kay
Inventor – OOP

Bjarne Stroustrup James Gosling

Inventor – C++ Inventor- JAVA
 POP vs OOP
POP OOP
Program is Program is
divided into divided into
functions. objects.
Top-down Bottom-up
approach. approach.
Limited Data Data Security
Security using access
specifiers
Examples: C, Examples:
FORTRAN, C++, Java,
Pascal, Basic Python
etc.
OOP Concepts
 Summary


Programming Paradigms


Object Oriented Programming


POP vs OOP


OOP Principles