Cisco Certified

Network Association
(CCNA)

JASMINE MONISHA.M
Technical Leader
Networkz Systems|Marthandam
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING

Network and its types

Network Components

Interface and Cable types

 HISTORY OF NETWORKING
 In 1965, Lawrence Roberts made two separate computers in
different places 'talk' to each other for the first time.

 This experimental link used a telephone line with an acoustically

coupled modem, and transferred digital data using packets

 The U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

(ARPANET) was the first public packet-switched computer
network. It was first used in 1969 and finally decommissioned in
1989.
 Computer networking as we know it today may be said to have
gotten its start with the Arpanet development in the late 1960s
and early 1970s.

 Prior to that time there were computer vendor “networks”

designed primarily to connect terminals and remote job entry
stations to a mainframe.

 While the 1960s were the decade of the mainframe, the 1970s
gave rise to Ethernet, which today is by far the most popular
LAN technology. Ethernet was born in 1973 in Xerox’s
research lab.
FUNCTIONS OF NETWORKING

 Performance

 fault

 configuration

 accounting

 security
 NETWORKING
Networking is the exchange of information and ideas
among people with a common profession or special interest
usually in an informal social setting.
A group of device that can communicate with each other
over a link.
TYPES OF NETWORKING

 Local Area Networking(LAN)

 Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
 Wide Area Network(WAN)

 Local Area Network(LAN)

A local area network (LAN) consists of a series of
computers linked together to form a network in a circumscribed
location .
 The computers in a LAN connect to each other via
TCP/IP ethernet or Wi-Fi. A LAN is normally exclusive to an
organization, such as a school, office, association or church .It
require small area.
CHARACTERISTICS
 LAN networks can be designed very easily.
 Troubleshooting of LAN network is easy.
 It is a network which is limited to the local area.
 LAN operators relatively faster than the WAN
network.

ADVANTAGES
 It allows transmitting data between people and devices at a
high transmitting rate.
 LAN provides high security and fault tolerence capability.
DISADVANTAGES

 Technical and skilled manpower is required for the configuration

and installation of the network.

 Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network
connecting device across an entire town , entire city or any other
small region . This network is larger than LAN but smaller than
WAN .
MAN can be used to connect multiple LAN
networks ,when one LAN use modems,direct digital devices and
any other medium types to connect with other LAN ,then it covers
a large area which is consider a MAN.
THE

CHARACTERISTICS
 MAN is the most used medium in cables and optical fibers.

 MAN network generally covers the town and cities in a

maximum 50 km range.
ADVANTAGE
 It offers fast communication using high-speed carriers, like
fibre optic cables.
 It provides excellent support for an extensive network and
greater WAN access.
 The dual bus in the MAN network supports transmitting data in
both directions concurrently.

DISADVANTAGE
 It becomes difficult to protect MAN network from hackers
because MAN connect the devices with in a city.
 WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
A wide-area network (WAN) is the technology
that connects your offices, data centers, cloud applications, and
cloud storage together,it is called a wide-area network.
It spans beyond a single building or large
campus to include multiple locations spread across a specific
geographic area, or even the world.
WAN network could be interconnection
between two or more LAN which are connected through radio
waves or telephone line.
the

CHARACTERISTICS
 WAN is used to cover a large geographical area like a
country.
 They facilitate the sharing of regional resources.

ADVANTAGES
 Allow connecting devices like phones,laptops,etc..
 Office situated at longer distance from each other can
easily communicate through WAN.
DISADVANTAGES
 Initial and configuration cost of WAN is very high .

 Provides less security in comparison to other types of

networks.

NETWORK COMPONENTS
A Computer networks components comprise both
physical parts as well as the software required for installing
computer networks, both at organizations and at home.
The hardware components are the server, client, peer,
transmission medium, and connecting devices. The software
components are operating system and protocols.
 Hardware Components
1.Server/Client
2.Peer to peer
3.Terminal /Mainframe
1.Server/Client
A server is a computer program or device that provides a
service to another computer program and its user, also known as
the client.
2.Peer to Peer
A peer-to-peer network is a technology that allows
you to connect two or more computers to one system. This
connection allows you to easily share data without having to use
a separate server for your file-sharing. Each end-computer that
connects to this network becomes a 'peer' and is allowed to
receive or send files to other computers in its network.
3.Terminal/Mainframe
Mainframes are computers, at their core, mainframes
are high-performance computers with large amounts of memory
and processors that process billions of simple calculations and
transactions in real time.
A device, combining keyboard and display screen,
that communicates with a computer.
Network Devices
INTERFACE AND CABLE
Interface Cable - Computer cables are used to
connect monitors, keyboards, printers, hard drives, and other
peripherals to computers. These are mainly analog video cable,
Ethernet Cable, 3.5mm Audio Cable, USB Cable, Computer
Power Cord.

INTERFACE AND CABLE TYPES

 Shielded Twisted Pair Cabling(STP)

 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabling(UTP)

Ethernet Cable
a) Straight Through Cable
b) Crossover Cable
c) Rolled Cable
 Shielded Twisted Pair Cabling(STP)
Shielded twisted pair cabling acts as a conducting
shield by covering the four pairs of signal-carrying wires as a
means to reduce electromagnetic interference.
Twisted pair is the lowest price cable medium,it is
made up of two insulated copper wires and used to reduce
electromagnetic interference or noise.
It can run several km without amplification , but for
longer distances repeater are needed.
o Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabling(UTP)
Unshielded in UTP refers to the lack of metallic shielding
around the copper wires. UTP cable is composed of two or four pairs
of copper wires twisted together in pairs without any shielding.It is
commenly connected.
The standard connector configuration used for unshielded
twisted pair cables is the RJ-45 and RJ-11 connector. RJ is an
acronym for Registered Jack.
RJ45 is used with Ethernet cables and it has 8 pins. RJ11 is
used with telephone cables and it has 4 pins . RJ45 is larger in size.
 Ethernet Cable
An Ethernet cable carries the broadband signals
between your modem, router, computer and other wired internet-
capable devices. Cat 5e and Cat 6e Ethernet cables are
recommended for higher speeds.
a)Straight Through Cable
A straight-through cable is an ethernet cable that
connects the wires within it one to one on both sides. This means
that wire one will connect to pin spot one in both connectors, wire
two will connect to pin spot two in both connectors, and so on.
b)Crossover Cable
Crossover cables are used to connect two computers or
similar devices directly together, such as computers or hubs.
 Examples would be connecting a computer
directly to another computer, connecting a switch directly to
another switch, or connecting a router to a router.
c)Rolled Cable
The cable that connects a computer to a network switch
or router console port. Often the rollover cable is flat or yellow to
help prevent any confusion between other Cat 5 network cables.

END POINTS
Endpoints are physical devices that connect to and exchange
information with a computer network. Some examples of
endpoints are mobile devices, desktop computers, virtual
machines, embedded devices, and servers.
THANK YOU