Genetic Variability and Component Analysis in

Genotypes of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Moench

RITIK TIWARI
Enrollment. no. :2200101433
M.Sc. (Hort.) Vegetable Science
Advisor
Dr. Muzeev Ahmad
Assistant professor
Department of Agriculture
Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and
Technology
Integral University, Lucknow
 INTRODUCTION
• Common Name : Okra

• Botanical Name : Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench

• Family : Malvaceae

• Chromosome No. : 2n=130

• Origin Place : Africa

• Okra (Bhindi) (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is one of the most
widely grown vegetables from tropical to sub-tropical parts of the world
• The green, tender and immature fruits are consumed as vegetables.
• Besides this the mature fruits are used in the paper industry and purifying
cane juice in Gur making (Chauhan, 1972)
• It is a very nutritious vegetable, rich in vitamins, calcium, potassium and
other minerals matters (Aykroyd, 1963).
 OBJECTIVES

1. To assess the genetic Variability, Heritability and genetic

advance as percent of mean for selection in genotypes.
2. To estimate the correlation and path coefficient for
effective direct selection between pair of traits using
green fruit yield as dependent characters.
3. To estimate the genetic divergence of tested genotypes
 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

Experimental Design : Randomized Block Method (RBD)

Number of replications : 3

Number of genotypes : 27

Plant Spacing : 60cm x 45cm

Plot size : 2.4 x1.8 m

 OBSERVATIONS RECORDED

• Days to 50% germination

Number of primary branches
• Nodes per plant
• Internodal length(cm)
• Plant height at maturity(cm
• Number of leaves per plant
• Length of leaf(cm
• Breadth of leaf(cm)
• Length of petiole(cm)
• Chlorophyll content of leaf(mg/g)
• Days to first flowering
• First flowering node
• Days to first fruit emergence
• Days to first fruit harvest
Mean sum squares genotypes
S. No. Characters Sources of variation
Replications Treatments Error
d.f 2 26 52
1. Days to 50% germination 0.053 0.312¶¶¶ 0.057
2. Number of primary branches per plant 0.010 0.134¶¶ 0.050
3. Nodes per plant 6.948 8.261¶¶¶ 2.774
4. Internodal length (cm) 0.013 0.117¶¶ 0.051
5. Plant height at maturity(cm) 8.171 110.910¶¶¶ 27.330
6. Number of leaves per plant 0.889 5.035¶ 2.439
7. Length of leaf (cm) 2.280 21.081¶¶¶ 5.460
8. Breadth of leaf (cm) 4.466 21.663¶¶¶ 6.834
9. Length of petiole (cm) 6.605 8.888¶ 4.234

10. Chlorophyll content of leaf (mg/g) 7.381 13.599¶¶¶ 4.354

11. Days to first flowering 7.215 21.568¶¶¶ 3.332
12. First flowering node 0.001 0.475¶¶¶ 0.123
13 Days to first fruit emergence 8.311 23.573¶¶¶ 3.176
14. Days to first fruit harvest 9.447 20.548¶¶¶ 3.921
15. Fruit weight (g) 0.195 1.951¶¶¶ 0.301
16. Fruit length (cm) 0.081 5.321¶¶¶ 0.135
17. Fruit diameter (cm) 0.006 0.087¶¶¶ 0.022
18. Fruits per plant 0.166 4.222¶¶¶ 0.816
19. Fruit yield per plant (g) 37.706 934.732¶¶¶ 159.146
20. Weight of 100 seeds (g) 0.000 0.616¶¶¶ 0.005
Mean performance

S.No. Characters DAG NPB NNP INL PHM NLPP LL BL LP CCL DFF FFN DFE DFH FW FL FD FPP FYP WOS

1. VRO-6 5.33 1.33 20.66 4.64 58.99 23.60 9.98 11.14 8.86 50.50 45.73 5.133 47.53 52.40 9.87 8.96 1.46 7.33 79.98 6.87

ParbhaniKr
2. 5.20 1.26 14.9333 4.5600 64.6000 23.66 10.04 11.06 8.97 49.6267 43.66 5.1333 45.3333 49.6667 10.12 10.50 1.42 9.20 93.68 6.86
anti

3. Malini 5.53 1.20 14.6000 4.7467 65.5400 24.06 13.15 14.54 8.79 49.6467 44.46 5.3333 46.3333 50.9333 10.66 11.32 1.55 10.20 101.56 6.49

4. Panchabati 5.33 1.4000 19.2000 4.9600 73.5867 22.00 13.66 17.29 10.70 50.9133 44.86 5.4000 46.6667 50.8667 11.80 11.96 1.75 11.40 132.09 5.99

5. Mahyco-777 5.00 1.2667 16.9333 4.6667 69.1333 22.06 13.64 17.52 12.14 50.7467 41.60 5.6000 43.6667 47.6000 12.07 12.28 1.76 10.13 121.56 6.39

6. Mahima 6.20 1.4667 18.8000 4.8867 78.9800 23.73 15.69 20.24 14.49 49.4200 43.73 5.3333 45.5333 49.6667 11.90 10.66 1.33 11.40 134.98 7.18

7. KashiKranti 5.26 1.2667 15.2000 4.5400 63.4000 23.93 13.10 16.49 9.62 49.3800 46.13 5.5333 48.1333 52.1333 10.54 9.02 1.21 8.53 90.59 6.64

8. VRO-5 5.20 1.6000 14.7333 4.8067 62.0867 23.66 11.82 12.94 7.95 47.2200 49.53 6.0667 51.4000 55.4000 10.52 8.70 1.62 8.73 93.06 6.61

9. AS-771 5.46 1.4000 15.6667 4.7667 61.6067 24.73 15.06 15.56 9.08 48.6900 49.46 6.2000 51.5333 55.2667 11.01 8.44 1.16 9.73 107.97 6.24

ArkaAnami
10 5.40 1.7333 14.7333 4.7933 58.7200 24.46 14.35 17.48 10.43 53.4200 46.93 5.7333 49.0000 52.8667 10.66 8.83 1.54 8.60 91.20 6.09
ka

11. Selection-21 5.13 1.5333 15.0667 4.3400 61.2600 23.33 12.96 16.42 9.86 49.5933 46.80 5.2667 49.0667 52.6667 10.11 8.70 1.64 8.13 90.17 5.90

BhindiN.D.
12. 5.33 1.4667 16.6000 4.5733 70.7067 23.93 15.23 16.70 8.04 49.3133 45.73 5.1333 47.7333 51.6000 10.48 10.71 1.66 9.86 95.80 6.13
O.-10

13. Jhalbi 5.00 1.7333 17.4000 4.7000 74.5300 23.06 15.91 19.9533 12.06 51.0267 42.40 5.0667 44.2000 48.2667 11.42 12.16 1.66 10.66 121.20 6.48

Bhindi PG-
14. 5.00 1.6000 15.6000 4.9133 72.5400 20.26 15.69 18.57 12.17 49.6800 43.66 5.2000 45.6000 49.6667 9.37 11.78 1.56 8.66 91.57 6.05
52

15. PusaSawani 5.86 1.4667 13.5333 4.6733 56.8133 24.40 17.96 16.82 11.16 46.7600 51.73 5.9333 53.2667 57.7333 10.66 9.47 1.57 7.86 79.29 6.04

16. IC-282266 5.73 1.6000 13.7333 4.5133 58.5533 23.33 16.97 17.97 12.95 49.3133 50.13 5.5333 51.9333 55.9333 10.51 9.64 1.56 9.06 96.28 6.33

Punjab
17. 5.00 1.5333 17.0000 4.4733 75.4867 25.40 21.36 21.45 13.06 48.2400 46.06 5.0667 51.8667 51.9333 12.60 12.56 1.80 10.80 137.69 5.87
Padmini
Kashi
18. 5.00 1.4000 14.4667 4.6800 66.5333 24.46 19.85 20.56 12.06 47.5933 45.20 5.3333 48.0000 51.0667 10.33 9.86 1.54 9.40 101.96 5.88
Satdhari

19. ArkaAbhay 5.26 1.4000 17.4667 4.3067 72.0533 26.00 17.30 19.16 11.33 51.6000 44.80 5.2667 47.3333 48.7333 11.24 11.79 1.63 10.60 124.88 5.87

20 HRB-55 5.00 1.7333 16.8667 4.4333 73.5667 25.53 17.76 19.00 11.36 50.8933 40.86 5.3333 42.8000 48.2000 10.90 11.35 1.88 9.33 99.61 5.13

21 419-10-1 6.00 1.2667 14.8667 4.4333 72.2333 25.06 18.36 20.09 13.55 50.4267 43.13 5.1333 44.9333 49.0000 10.43 9.52 1.54 11.06 107.85 6.87

22 P-7 5.00 1.4000 16.4000 4.6800 72.2800 23.66 16.15 19.86 11.64 47.8233 43.60 5.3333 45.4000 49.6000 12.48 10.32 1.68 11.40 132.41 6.17
Mean performance

23 HRB-9-2 5.26 1.9333 16.2667 4.9100 71.6800 22.86 13.42 11.60 47.7333 43.73 4.2000 46.6667 49.5333 10.88 10.20 103.37 6.30
17.52 11.36 1.78

24 KashiVarda 5.06 1.8000 16.6000 4.4800 65.8067 25.66 16.60 18.326 10.61 52.4533 45.60 5.1333 47.2667 51.8667 10.46 10.54 1.54 10.40 110.20 6.90

25 VRO-3 5.20 2.0000 15.6000 4.2333 69.9867 22.66 15.44 16.73 8.90 49.9733 42.40 4.8667 44.2667 49.0667 10.52 10.55 1.64 10.86 113.55 5.57

26 130-10-1 5.06 1.2667 16.3333 4.3800 71.9867 24.60 15.24 20.06 9.66 45.2933 42.73 5.4667 44.8000 48.6000 12.19 12.38 1.79 11.60 138.20 6.42

27 303-10-1 5.26 1.5333 17.2667 4.7600 71.9933 25.73 15.65 15.31 10.90 43.3067 42.93 5.8667 45.0667 48.8667 11.02 12.41 1.72 10.46 115.78 6.43

Mean 5.30 1.50 16.16 4.62 67.95 23.92 15.27 17.36 10.81 49.28 45.09 5.35 47.23 51.07 10.92 10.58 1.59 9.83 107.65 6.28

S.E. 0.1383 0.1302 0.9617 0.1307 3.0183 0.90 1.34 1.50 1.18 1.2047 1.0539 0.2029 1.0290 1.1434 0.31 0.21 0.08 0.52 77.28 0.04

Range lowest 5.0000 1.2000 13.5333 4.2333 56.8133 20.26 9.98 11.06 7.95 43.3067 40.8667 4.2000 42.8000 47.6000 u9.37 8.44 1.16 7.33 79.29 5.13

Range highest 6.2000 2.0000 20.6667 4.9600 78.9800 26.00 21.36 21.45 14.49 53.4200 51.7333 6.2000 53.2667 57.7333 12.60 12.56 1.88 11.60 138.20 7.18
DAG: Days to 50% germination
FW: Fruit weight (g)
NPBP: Number of primary branches per plant
FL: Fruit length (cm)
NPP: Nodes per plant
FD: Fruit diameter (cm)
INL: Internodal length (cm)
FPP: Fruits per plant
PHM: Plant height at maturity (cm)
FYP: Fruit yield per plant
NLPP: Number of leaves per plant
WOS: Weight of 100 seeds (g)
LL: Length of leaf (cm)
BL: Breadth of leaf (cm)
LP: Length of petiole (cm)
DFF: Days to first flowering
FFN: First flowering node
DFE: Days to first fruit emergence
DFH: Days to first fruit harvest
Table 3. Genetic variability

S.No. Source Time ranked 1st Contribution %

1. Days to 50% germination 4 1.14%
2. Number of primary branches per plant 0.01 0.00%
3. Nodes per plant 0.01 0.00%
4. Internodal length(cm) 0.01 0.00%
5. Plant height at maturity(cm) 1 0.28%
6. Number of leaves per plant 1 0.28%
7. Length of leaf (cm) 3 0.85%
8. Breadth of leaf (cm) 0.01 0.00%
9. Length of petiole(cm) 5 1.42%
10. Chlorophyll content of leaf (mg/g) 6 1.71%
11. Days to first flowering 4 1.14%
12. First flowering node 3 0.85%
13. Days to first fruit emergence 2 0.57%
14. Days to first fruit harvest 0.01 0.00%
15. Fruit weight (g) 10 2.85%
16. Fruit length(cm) 109 31.05%
17. Fruit diameter(cm) 1 0.28%
18. Fruits per plant 0.01 0.00%
19. Fruit yield per plant (g) 0.01 0.00%
20. Weight of 100 seeds (g) 202 57.55%
Table 4. Genotypic correlations
S.
No. Characters DAG NPB NNP INL PHM NLPP LL BL LP CCL DFF FFN DFE DFH FW FL FD FPP WOS FYP

1.
1.0000 -0.3151 -0.1892 0.1584 -0.2275 0.1368 0.0430 -0.0418 0.4734 -0.0262 0.4763 0.3537 0.3391 0.4761 - -0.3688 -0.5626 - 0.4617 -
3DAG
0.1127 0.0237 0.1957
2.
1.0000 -0.0883 -0.0445 0.1463 -0.0353 0.2881 0.3255 0.3035 0.3201 0.4763 0.3537 0.3391 0.4761 - -0.3688 -0.5626 - 0.4617 -
NPB
0.1127 0.0237 0.0174
3.
1.0000 0.3502 0.4537 0.0255 -0.3164 -0.0030 0.1244 0.2800 -0.6092 - -0.5383 -0.6242 0.4472 0.5055 0.2546 0.3476 0.1893 0.5109
NNP
0.3143
4. INL
1.0000 0.1094 -0.7467 -0.3652 -0.2690 0.4907 -0.2820 0.2173 0.2722 0.1297 0.2461 0.0082 0.0532 -0.2241 0.0034 0.3983 -
0.0804
5. PHM
1.0000 -0.0878 0.4195 0.7030 0.7114 -0.0800 -0.9469 - -0.8025 -0.9921 0.6496 0.8893 0.5860 0.9072 -0.0946 0.8626
0.5307
6. NLPP
1.0000 0.6428 0.2296 0.0979 -0.3207 0.2182 0.4901 0.2825 0.1925 0.1025 -0.0902 0.0689 0.2144 -0.0087 0.1886

7. LL
1.0000 0.9422 0.7828 -0.0969 0.0395 0.0942 0.2077 0.0039 0.3669 0.3123 0.3194 0.4453 -0.4869 0.4545

8. BL
1.0000 1.0312 0.0814 -0.2996 - -0.1449 -0.3615 0.6616 0.4696 0.4765 0.7170 -0.3611 0.7543
0.2932
9. LP
1.0000 0.1938 -0.2969 - -0.1867 -0.3071 0.4618 0.3985 0.1319 0.4867 0.0296 0.5527
0.4206
10 CCL
1.0000 -0.0842 - -0.2081 -0.0906 - -0.1696 -0.1714 - -0.0344 -
0.4286 0.3300 0.1253 0.1904
11. DFF
1.0000 0.6020 0.9764 1.0023 - -0.7147 -0.5311 - 0.0703 -
0.2626 0.6304 0.5330
12. FFN
1.0000 0.4675 0.6215 0.0659 -0.4234 -0.4411 - 0.0375 -
0.3043 0.1593
13. DFE
1.0000 0.9570 - -0.5769 -0.4048 - -0.0238 -
0.1545 0.5585 0.4085
14. DFH
1.0000 - -0.7548 -0.5522 - 0.0535 -
0.3161 0.6851 0.6046
15. FW
1.0000 0.5609 0.4749 0.8407 -0.0658 0.9604

16. FL
1.0000 0.7415 0.6985 -0.1799 0.7160

17. FD
1.0000 0.3215 -0.6064 0.3818

18. FPP
1.0000 0.0473 0.9711

19. WOS
1.0000 -
0.0093
Phenotypic correlations

S.No. Characters DAG NPB NNP INL PHM NLPP LL BL LP CCL DFF FFN DFE DFH FW FL FD FPP WOS FYP

1. DAG 1.0000 -0.0965 -0.0364 0.1748 -0.0549 0.1117 0.0369 -0.0352 0.1142 0.0383 0.2099 0.0015 0.1600 0.1947 -0.0528 - 0.3191** 0.0422 0.3636*** -0.0343
0.3276**

2. NPB 1.0000 0.0009 -0.0109 0.0368 -0.1320 0.0682 0.0440 -0.0827 0.0486 -0.0460 -0.2705* -0.0337 0.0227 -0.1625 0.0000 0.1990 -0.0153 - 0.2727* -0.1169*

3. NNP 1.0000 0.0340 0.5124*** -0.0769 -0.0535 0.0073 0.0666 0.0536 -0.2427* -0.1843 -0.2280* -0.2370* 0.2494* 0.2703* 0.0790 0.2421* 0.1170 0.3628

4. INL 1.0000 -0.0013 -0.2445* -0.1717 -0.0635 -0.0946 -0.0092 0.0396 0.0997 0.0367 0.0453 0.0457 0.0117 -0.0992 -0.1039 0.1624 -0.0213

5. PHM 1.0000 0.0032 0.2959** 0.4753* ** 0.2965** -0.0634 - -0.3427** - -0.5362*** 0.3967** 0.5895** 0.2505* 0.6558*** -0.0850 0.6431**
0.5037*** 0.4225*** * * *

6. NLPP 1.0000 0.2449* 0.0801 -0.0553 0.0029 0.0233 0.0218 0.0881 -0.0090 0.2573* -0.0594 -0.0735 0.0768 -0.0060 0.0781

7. LL 1.0000 0.7128*** 0.5247*** -0.1074 -0.0362 -0.1280 0.0592 -0.0647 0.2522* 0.2114 0.2054** 0.2431 -0.3284** 0.2608**

8. BL 1.0000 0.5410*** 0.0166 -0.2290* -0.1334 -0.1506 -0.2711* 0.3534* 0.3097** 0.1716* 0.3921 -0.2233* 0.4329
*

9. LLP 1.0000 -0.0295 -0.1451 -0.0279 -0.0728 -0.2154 0.2762* 0.2613* 0.1576 0.2327 0.0401 0.3083

10 CCL 1.0000 -0.1269 -0.0666 -0.0812 -0.1115 -0.0395 -0.1286 -0.1228 -0.0740 -0.0224 -0.0482

11. DFF 1.0000 0.4154*** 0.9348** 0.9526*** -0.2239* - -0.2786* -0.4196 0.0510 0.3778**
* 0.5464**
*

12. FFN 1.0000 0.3632*** 0.3948*** 0.0541 -0.2472* -0.1912 -0.2018 0.0418 -0.0915

13. DFE 1.0000 0.8915*** 0.0885 - -0.2013 -0.3490 -0.0222 -

0.4535*** 0.2702**

14. DFH 1.0000 - - -0.2425* -0.4720 0.0359 -0.4392

0.2532* 0.5846**
*

15. FW 1.0000* 0.4306* 0.2349* 0.5372*** -0.0473 0.7418**

** *

16. FL 1.0000 0.5122*** 0.5048*** -0.1700 0.5564**

*

17. FD 1.0000 0.3032** - 0.4042*** 0.2798**

18. FPP 1.0000 0.0538 0.8402**

*

19. WOS - 1.0000 0.0011

Genotypic path with Marketable yield par plant q/ha

S.
No. Characters DAG NPB NNP INL PHM NLPP LL BL LP CCL DFF FFN DFE DFH FW FL FD FPP WOS FYP

1. DAG -0.4571 0.1440 0.0865 -0.0724 0.1040 -0.0625 -0.0196 0.0191 -0.2164 0.0120 -0.2177 -0.1617 -0.1550 -0.2176 0.0515 0.1685 0.2572 0.0108 -0.2110 -0.1957

2. NPB 0.2350 -0.7459 0.0658 0.0332 -0.1091 0.0263 -0.2149 -0.2428 -0.2264 -0.2388 0.0264 0.3449 -0.0029 0.0175 0.1057 -0.0588 -0.3249 -0.0105 0.3415 -0.0174

3. NNP -0.0206 -0.0096 0.1091 0.0382 0.0495 0.0028 -0.0345 -0.0003 0.0136 0.0305 -0.0664 -0.0343 -0.0587 -0.0681 0.0488 0.0551 0.0278 0.0379 0.0206 0.5109

4. INL 0.0922 -0.0259 0.2038 0.5821 0.0637 -0.4347 -0.2126 -0.1566 0.2856 -0.1642 0.1265 0.1585 0.0755 0.1433 0.0048 0.0309 -0.1305 0.0020 0.2319 -0.0804

5. PHM 0.0875 -0.0563 -0.1746 -0.0421 -0.3848 0.0338 -0.1614 -0.2705 -0.2737 0.0308 0.3644 0.2042 0.3088 0.3817 -0.2499 -0.3422 -0.2255 -0.3491 0.0364 0.8626

6. NLPP 0.0456 -0.0118 0.0085 -0.2491 -0.0293 0.3336 0.2144 0.0766 0.0327 -0.1070 0.0728 0.1635 0.0942 0.0642 0.0342 -0.0301 0.0230 0.0715 -0.0029 0.1886

7. LL 0.0135 0.0903 -0.0992 -0.1145 0.1315 0.2023 0.3136 0.2954 0.2455 -0.0304 0.0124 0.0295 0.0651 0.0012 0.1150 0.0979 0.1001 0.1396 -0.1527 0.4545

8. BL -0.0017 0.0131 -0.0001 -0.0109 0.0284 0.0093 0.0380 0.0404 0.0416 0.0033 -0.0121 -0.0118 -0.0058 -0.0146 0.0267 0.0189 0.0192 0.0289 -0.0146 0.7543

9. LP 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0005 0.0004 0.0001 -0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0001 -0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000 0.5527

10 CCL -0.0050 0.0605 0.0529 -0.0533 -0.0151 -0.0606 -0.0183 0.0154 0.0366 0.1889 -0.0159 -0.0810 -0.0393 -0.0171 -0.0623 -0.0321 -0.0324 -0.0237 -0.0065 -0.1904

11. DFF -0.1678 0.0125 0.2146 -0.0765 0.3336 -0.0769 -0.0139 0.1055 0.1046 0.0297 -0.3523 -0.2121 -0.3440 -0.3532 0.0925 0.2518 0.1871 0.2221 -0.0248 -0.5330

12. FFN -0.1920 0.2509 0.1706 -0.1477 0.2880 -0.2660 -0.0511 0.1591 0.2283 0.2326 -0.3267 -0.5427 -0.2537 -0.3373 -0.0357 0.2298 0.2394 0.1651 -0.0204 -0.1593

13. DFE -0.1155 -0.0013 0.1834 -0.0442 0.2734 -0.0962 -0.0708 0.0494 0.0636 0.0709 -0.3327 -0.1593 -0.3407 -0.3260 0.0526 0.1966 0.1379 0.1903 0.0081 -0.4085

14. DFH 0.4980 -0.0245 -0.6529 0.2574 -1.0378 0.2014 0.0041 -0.3781 -0.3213 -0.0948 1.0486 0.6501 1.0011 1.0461 -0.3307 -0.7896 -0.5777 -0.7167 0.0560 -0.6046

15. FW 0.0146 0.0184 -0.0579 -0.0011 -0.0842 -0.0133 -0.0475 -0.0857 -0.0598 0.0427 0.0340 -0.0085 0.0200 0.0410 -0.1295 -0.0727 -0.0615 -0.1089 0.0085 0.9604

16. FL 0.1646 -0.0352 -0.2257 -0.0237 -0.3969 0.0402 -0.1394 -0.2096 -0.1779 0.0757 0.3190 0.1890 0.2575 0.3369 -0.2503 -0.4464 -0.3310 -0.3118 0.0803 0.7160

17. FD -0.3088 0.2391 0.1397 -0.1230 0.3216 0.0378 0.1753 0.2616 0.0724 -0.0941 -0.2915 -0.2421 -0.2222 -0.3031 0.2607 0.4070 0.5489 0.1764 -0.3328 0.3818

18. FPP -0.0344 0.0204 0.5044 0.0049 1.3166 0.3111 0.6463 1.0406 0.7063 -0.1818 -0.9148 -0.4416 -0.8106 -0.9943 1.2200 1.0138 0.4666 1.4513 0.0686 0.9711

19. WOS -0.0441 0.0438 -0.0181 -0.0381 0.0090 0.0008 0.0465 0.0345 -0.0028 0.0033 -0.0067 -0.0036 0.0023 -0.0051 0.0063 0.0172 0.0580 -0.0045 -0.0956 -0.0093
Conclusion

From the results obtained it was concluded that genetic variation

existed among the genotypes in all characters.

 Reference
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