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ElectromagneticFieldsWave_Lecture_1_2
ElectromagneticFieldsWave_Lecture_1_2
and Waves
Lecture 1 - 2
Course Description
Textbook
Objectives
Evaluation
At least 80% class attendance is necessary to sit for the exam. If there is any
assignment given to the students, they have to submit it before the deadline
decided by the course teacher.
Marking system (Midterm and Final term):
Quiz: 20%
Assignments 20%
Attendance & class performance: 20%
Midterm/Final term exam: 40%
Total: 100%
Final Grade/ Grand Total:
Midterm: 40%
Final Term: 60%
What is Electro-magnetics?
Electric field
Produced by the presence of
electrically charged particles,
and gives rise to the electric
force.
Magnetic field
Produced by the motion of
electric charges, or electric
current, and gives rise to the
magnetic force associated
with magnets.
Applications
Electromagnetic principles find application in various disciplines such as
microwaves, x-rays, antennas, electric machines, plasmas, etc.
Applications
Electromagnetic fields are used in induction heaters for melting, forging, annealing,
surface hardening, and soldering operation.
Electromagnetic devices include transformers, radio, television, mobile phones, radars,
lasers, etc.
A B A B cos AB
AB BA
A B Ax Bx Ay By + Az Bz
Vector Algebra
AB BA
A ( B + C) ( A B ) + C
A B A ( B )
A 1
A
n n
AB 0 A B
AIUB EMWF Lec 1 _2 /15
Chapter 1 Vector Analysis
r xyz
r xa x ya y za z
a x , a y , a z : unit vectors
R PQ rQ rP
(2a x 2a y a z ) (1a x 2a y 3a z )
a x 4a y 2a z
B B
aB Unit vector in the direction of B
Bx2 By2 Bz2 B
Example
Given points M(–1,2,1) and N(3,–3,0), find RMN and aMN.
R MN (3a x 3a y 0a z ) (1a x 2a y 1a z ) 4a x 5a y a z
R MN 4a x 5a y 1a z
a MN 0.617a x 0.772a y 0.154a z
R MN 4 (5) (1)
2 2 2
Example
If A B 0 , What is the θ between them
A B
AB 0
A B
and cos 1 90
AB
Therefore A is perpendicular to B and vice versa.
Given two vectors A and B, the magnitude of the cross product, or vector
product, written as AB, is defines as the product of the magnitude of A, the
magnitude of B, and the sine of the smaller angle between them.
The direction of AB is perpendicular to the plane containing A and B and is in
the direction of advance of a right-handed screw as A is turned into B.
A B a N A B sin AB ax a y az
a y az ax
The cross product is a vector, and it is not az ax a y
commutative:
(B A ) ( A B )
Example
Given A = 2ax – 3ay + az and B = –4ax – 2ay + 5az, find AB.
ax ay az
A B Ax Ay Az
Bx By Bz
A B ( Ay Bz Az By )a x ( Az Bx Ax Bz )a y ( Ax By Ay Bx )a z
(3)(5) (1)(2) a x (1)(4) (2)(5) a y (2)(2) (3)(4) a z
13a x 14a y 16a z
Example
If A B 0 , What is the θ between them
( )
⃗ ⃗
𝐴× 𝐵
=0
𝐴𝐵
Therefore A is parallel to B
Example:
Given, 3 ≤ x ≤ 6 and 2 ≤ y ≤ 4; Find the surface.
6 4
Solution:
S z dS z dx dy x 3 y 2 6 34 2 6
6 4
3 2
Therefore the surface is Sz = 6 az
Example:
Given, 3 ≤ x ≤ 4, 3 ≤ y ≤ 6 and 4 ≤ z ≤ 7; Find the volume.
4 6 7
V dx dy dz x 3 y 3 z 4 9
Solution: 4 6 7
3 3 4
Lecture - 2
Lecture 2
Example:
Given, 3 ≤ ρ ≤ 4 and 300 ≤ ϕ ≤ 600; Find the surface.
3 4
4
2
4 2
3 2
7
Solution:
S z dS z d d 6
3
3 6 2 3 2 2 3 6 12
Example:
Given, 3 ≤ ρ ≤ 4, 300 ≤ ϕ ≤ 600 and 3 ≤ z ≤ 7; Find the volume.
Solution:
3 4
4 7
2 4 2 32 7
S z dS z d d dz 6 z 3 7 3
3 7
3 6 3 2 3 2 2 3 6 3
Example:
Given, ρ = 3 cm and 0 ≤ z ≤ 5; Find the volume for the full cylinder.
3 2 5
Solution:
S z dS z d d dz
0 0 0
3
2
0 z 0
2 5
2 0
32
2 5
2
45
Az A a z
( Ax a x Ay a y + Az a z ) a z
Ax a x a z Ay a y a z + Az a z a z
Az
Example:
Given, r =3, 300 ≤ ϕ ≤ 600 and 600 ≤ θ ≤ 900 Find the surface of the share.
Solution:
3 2
1 3
S z dS r r sin d d 3 cos
3 2
2 2
6 3 9 0.55
6 3 2 2 6
Example:
Given, 3 ≤ ρ ≤ 4, 300 ≤ ϕ ≤ 600 and 7 ≤ z ≤ 7; Find the volume.
Solution:
3 4
4
2
7
4 2 32 7
S z dS z d d dz 6 z 3 7 3
3 7
3 6 3 2 3 2 2 3 6 3
x r sin cos r x2 y 2 z 2 , r 0
z
y r sin sin cos 1 , 0 180
x y z
2 2 2
y
z r cos tan 1
x
Example
Given the two points, C(–3,2,1) and D(r = 5, θ = 20°, Φ = –70°), find: (a) the
spherical coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D.
y 2
tan 1 tan 1 33.69 180 146.31
x 3
C (r 3.742, 74.50, 146.31)
Q v v
We may define ρv mathematically by using a limit on the above equation:
Q
v lim
v 0 v
The total charge within some finite volume is obtained by integrating throughout that
volume:
Q dv
vol
v
x cos
v 4 sin cos z 2
y sin
3 2 2
Q
vol
v dv
z 0 0 0
(4 sin cos z 2 )(d d dz )
3 22
sin 2 2sin cos
z sin cos d d dz
3 2
4
0 0 0
3 2
16 z 2
sin cos d dz
0 0
3
8z 2 dz 72 C
0
Practice Problems
D1.4. The three vertices of a triangle located at A(6,-1,2), B(-2,3,-4) and C(-3,1,5).
Find: (a) RAB ˣ RAC; (b) the area of the triangle; (c) unit vector perpendicular to the
plane in which the triangle is located.
D1.5: (a) Give the Cartesian coordinates of the point C(ρ = 4.4, Φ = -11.5º, z = 2).
(b) Give the cylindrical co-ordinates of the point D(x = - 3.1, y = 2.6, z = -3). (c)
Specify the distance from C to D.
D1.6. Transform to cylindrical coordinates: (a) F = 10ax - 8ay + 6az at point P(10,-
8,6); (b) G = (2x + y)ax - (y - 4x)ay at point Q(ρ,ϕ,z); (c) Give the rectangular
components of the vector H = 20aρ - 10aϕ + 3az at point P(x=5,y=2,z=-1).
D1.8. Transform the following vectors to spherical co-ordinates at the point given:
(a) 10ax at P(x=-3,y=2,z=4); (b) 10ay at Q(ρ=5,ϕ=30o,z=4); (c) 10az at
M(r=4,ϕ=110o,θ=120o).
Ex 1.23. The surfaces ρ = 3, ρ = 5, φ = 100◦, φ = 130◦, z = 3, and z = 4.5 define a
closed surface. Find (a) the enclosed volume; (b) the total area of the
enclosing surface.